Ethical Dilemmas Faced By Nurses - 1924 Words

Ethical dilemmas encountered by nurses can be viewed from the perspective of three major ethical principles: beneficence, autonomy and justice. Each of these principles set some guidelines for the nurses to abide by when confronted by an ethical decision-making; however, these can be manipulated based on the dilemma. There are two dilemmas demonstrated in which a nurse’s autonomy conflicts with doctor’s orders and the patient’s request for euthanasia depicted from the perspective of all three principles. Ethical Dilemmas in Nursing Many people encounter ethical issues and ethical decision-making every day of their lives. Each person’s moral values differ depending on one’s religion, culture, family, etc. These moral or ethical values are of utmost importance for the healthcare professionals, especially nurses. Many professional in the healthcare system are confronted by dilemmas which challenges their morality and give rise to many questions. How does the ethical values of a healthcare professional influence the patient? What role do nurses have in ethical issues? Are nurses impacted by their patient’s ethics? These are some of the questions one would frequently ask when taking the ethical issues of nursing into consideration. Many nurses choose this field to provide care for their patient’s; however, they are often encountered with ethical dilemmas that require understanding of the ethical principles and implementing on rules of the healthcare system they areShow MoreRelated Ethical Dilemmas Faced by Nurses and Other Healthcare Professionals2759 Words   |  12 Pagesadministration within. A code of ethics highlights the responsibility and accountability standards of each and every employee within the organization. These codes are also motivating factors that guide the employees’ behavior, set the standard regarding ethical conduct, and build an organizations trustworthiness within their surroundings. (McShane, Gilnow, 2012). The role of ethics in organizational behavior can negatively or positively impact an entire healthcare entity. If employees are educated on theRead MoreEthical Dilemma Faced By A Registered Nurse On The Medical / Surgical Unit At Baptist Nassau1253 Words   |  6 PagesEthical Dilemma Paper This paper will describe an ethical dilemma faced by a registered nurse on the medical/surgical unit at Baptist Nassau. This dilemma will be analyzed using Catalano’s ethical decision-making model (2009) for nurses. Throughout this paper the pros and cons of this dilemma will be discussed, as well as answer the question â€Å"Is it morally and ethically just†? The ethical dilemma encountered by the nurse involved a 69 year-old female patient. This patient had cancer that hadRead MoreEthical Dilemmas And Moral Courage1473 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract In today’s healthcare environment nurses are faced with increasingly intricate ethical dilemmas. We encounter these dilemmas in situations where our ability to do the right thing is continuously delayed by conflicting values and beliefs of other healthcare providers. There are many nurses who face these ethical issues head on and others who put it aside. Keeping our commitment to patients requires moral courage. Moral courage aids us in addressing ethical issues and making the correct decisionRead MoreEthical Dilemmas Of An Ethical Dilemma1029 Words   |  5 Pagesmake and often create ethical dilemmas. Situations will arise, and nurses have a duty to protect the patients and themselves. This paper will outline a significant event in my practice that caused an ethical dilemma. Clinical Situation Ethical dilemmas are defined as: situations in which there is a choice to be made between two options, neither of which resolves the situation in an ethically acceptable fashion (Your Dictionary). I had not been practicing as a nurse for long when I had toRead MoreEthical Dilemmas Of An Ethical Dilemma1026 Words   |  5 Pagescreate ethical dilemmas. Situations will arise and nurses have a duty to protect the patients and themselves. This paper will outline a significant event in my practice that caused an ethical dilemma. Clinical Situation Ethical dilemmas are defined situations in which, there is a choice to be made between two options, neither of which resolves the situation in an ethically acceptable fashion (Your Dictionary). I had not been practicing as a nurse for long when I had to face an ethical dilemmaRead MorePersonal Ethics856 Words   |  4 PagesEthics Melissa Sawyer Grand Canyon University May 5th, 2013 NRS 437 Ethical Decision Making in Nursing Personal Ethics The American Nurses Association defines nursing as, â€Å"protection, promotion, and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations† (American Nurses Association, 2004, p.7). My personal nursing philosophy stems fromRead MorePersonal Ethics889 Words   |  4 Pagesprofessional moral compass helps guide the person through their profession making the best ethical decision. A nurse uses their professional moral compass to make the best decisions for their patient. Spirituality and culture contribute to how a person views the world. Spirituality and culture helps a person develop how they live their life and how they view life, health and death (Burkhardt, 2001). Nurses or healers have held a special place in many cultures. Nursing practice has grown and maturedRead MorePatient Confidentiality Essay926 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Patient Confidentiality: Ethical Implications to Nursing Practice Patient Confidentiality: Ethical Implications to Nursing Practice Patient confidentiality is a fundamental practice in healthcare and it is integral part of healthcare ethical standards (Purtilo Dougherty, 2010). According to the American Nurses Association (ANA) code of ethics â€Å"the nurse has a duty to maintain confidentiality of all patient information† (Nursing world, p.6). Also, when a patient confidentialityRead MoreThe Code Of Ethics And Values1086 Words   |  5 Pagesa positive attitude. When making decisions, core values allow me to help structure my ethical standards from which I base decisions off of. Each day I am faced with different situations in which my ethical standards are tested. I have a mindset that when deciding what to do in different situations I try and have it result in the greatest good for the greatest number of people. Selflessness is my core ethical standard, however compassion is another value I carry. When reacting to events in my lifeRead MoreAPA Ethical Dilemma Paper1387 Words   |  6 Pagesof these trials since they are the adults and the ones who understand?, where is the line drawn when it comes to children being part of clinical trials?, there are so many complicated questions and sometimes the answers are just as complex. Ethical Dilemma Pediatric clinical trials have not been heard of until 1955, when Hepatitis studies were performed at Willowbrook School in New York. This school housed hundreds of mentally challenged children, the physician of this school and his staff deliberately

The Struggle Of The Revolutionary War - 1876 Words

In the modern era, massive debates have arisen on both miniscule issues and important problems. This paradigm of debating has been in effect since the founding of the United States. Without argument and without logic and reason, the United States would have never seceded from the British Empire. The colonies began with a diminishing hope of survival, however, eventually reached the point where they are able to fight the greatest empire of their time. This, however, was not simple; adding on to the countless lives fighting, many minds clashed as well. Without these philosophers, the very founders of our great nation, the United States of America would have not existed. The Revolutionary War began with the struggle between great minds: these were the philosophers who supported Thomas Paine, urging military war; moderates like Ben Franklin, who advocated unity and was resilient about total war; and loyalists who sustained James Chalmers, argueing the foolishness of a revolution-- in the midst of 13 diverse colonies. The revolutionary radicals were mainly focused on war because of personal sentiments. The greatest pro-war thinker was Thomas Paine; he wanted outright revolution against the British. Paine had sensed the rise of tension, the spirit of rebellion, that had steadily mounted in the colonies after the Boston Tea Party and when the fightings had started. Paine believed the colonies had all the right to revolt against a government that imposed taxes on them withoutShow MoreRelatedThe American Revolutionary War Was A Struggle For Many,1555 Words   |  7 PagesThe American Revolutionary war was a struggle for many, no matter the gender or color. Not only during the war, but after too, because wars never end at the battle field. The war was for freedom, and after they received that freedom, they had another job. Next were laws, government, new rules and new challenges. Not only were those fighting for government were stressed, but also the citizens. Citizens like women and African Americans, the ones that were oppressed from regular freedom for so longRead MoreThe Fight Of The American Revolution For Independence1262 Words   |  6 Pagesstories of the wives of these men and other women who were caught up in the struggle for Americas sovereignty. Throughout the eighteen century, while the revolution war was taking place. These women had to play a vital role in order to be successful in captivating the fight of the American revolution for independence. Distanced from the role men were required to play. Women who were wives, mothers, and daughters. â€Å"Revolutionary Mothers† written by author Carol Berkin. Copyrighted in 2005 is an extraordinaryRead MoreRevolutionary Mothers : Women During The Struggle For America s Independence By Carol Berkin1612 Words   |  7 Pagesof the book Revolutionary Mothers: Women in the struggle for America’s independence by Carol Berkin. This comprised of details on women who had been involved in struggling to fulfill the independence of America. Women played their role at facing or creating impact towards the war. This outlines on myriad of women,s lives as well as getting to know the obstacles that they encountered during the war. This aids in bringing out the idea that not only men who played vital roles during the war, but alsoRead MoreRevolutionary Mothers Review Essay756 Words   |  4 PagesBerkin, C. (2005). REVOLUTIONARY MOTHERS: Women in the Struggle for Americas Independence. Vintage Books. Book Review #1 By Tawnya Pluid Carol Berkin’s Revolutionary Mothers: Women in the Struggle for Americas Independence is an excellent book that I immensely enjoyed. When many people think of the Revolutionary War, they might imagine George Washington gallantly leading his men through the winters at Valley Forge or the like. Berkin begins her masterpiece by giving a general overviewRead MoreRevolutionary Mothers784 Words   |  4 PagesBerkin, Carol Revolutionary Mothers: Women in the Struggle for America’s Independence Knopp, Alfred A.: Random House Pp. 194 In Revolutionary Mothers: Women in the Struggle for America’s Independence the author, Carol Berken, revisits the Revolutionary War exploring the many diverse roles that the women of all ethnicities, cultures, and classes were called upon to assume during the eight year struggle for independence. Most often when we address the Revolution the focus is on the notableRead MoreChina s Revolutionary War : A Successful Revolutionary Insurgency1218 Words   |  5 PagesChina’s revolutionary war. The keys to conducting a successful revolutionary insurgency include understanding that the laws of war are developmental, that leaders must study the whole military situation, and that a military must be good at learning. The first key to conducting a successful revolutionary insurgency is understanding that the laws of war are developmental. Comrade Mao, felt that leaders must take a progressive approach to understand war in general, the revolutionary aspect of war, andRead MoreMao Zedong And The Revolutionary War1156 Words   |  5 Pagesto conducting a successful revolutionary insurgency? The works of Chinese Marxist theorist and soldier, Comrade Mao Zedong, were key in understanding the problems that faced not only the Chinese Military, but the military forces of other major countries as well. Comrade Mao provided a logical description of the strategic problems regarding China’s revolutionary war. The keys to conducting a successful revolutionary insurgency include understanding that the laws of war are developmental, that a wholeRead MoreChinese Pre Revolutionary Cinem Social Environment As The Antagonist1623 Words   |  7 PagesFletcher Zuo Professor Maria Vinogradova CINE-UT 55 12.15.2016 Chinese Pre-revolutionary Cinema: Social Environment as the Antagonist In Chinese history, the pre-revolutionary period (1945-1949) is particularly associated with struggle and painfulness that are unprecedented in Chinese history. It is a period between China’s bitter victory in Sino-Japanese War and Communist Party’s takeover of the country, establishing the People’s Republic of China; while the former, lasted 8 years, caused moreRead MoreEssay on Cubas Struggle For Independence1443 Words   |  6 Pagesinsurrection and emancipation.† pg.2 Ada Ferrer presents the atmosphere of a war that lasted 30 years only to end virtually back to the beginning under a new master. (U.S. Occupation) The struggle for independence was embedded in a deep vision of nationalism. Where race took a back seat to the unity of Cubans. Revolutionary rhetoric made racial slavery and racial divisions concomitant with Spanish colonialism.† pg.3 This war was to unite the rise of the first race less nation. Ferrer writes with purposeRead MoreRevolu tionary Mothers : Women s Struggle For American Independence985 Words   |  4 PagesRevolutionary Mothers: Women in the struggle for American Independence. By Carol Berkin (New York: Knopf Publishing Group, 2005). 194 pp. Reviewed by Edidiong Mbong, September 20, 2014. Carol Berkin is a professor of American History at Baruch College and the Graduate center of the City University of New York. She is knowledgeable and experience on the matters of women s history in colonial American. She has delivered important fact on the subject in numerous accounts, including First Generations

Advanced Economics (A Case On Mobile Phones)

Question: Discuss about the Report on Advanced Economics (A Case On Mobile Phones)? Answer: Introduction: Mobile phones are a potent brain child of engineers. It has made the world a single place. To communicate via mobile was a conspicuous economic behavior at the advent of mobile phone technology. Before 1995, the telecommunication sector was dominated by landline phones. But slowly and steady, the mobile communication system carved a niche for itself in the telecommunication sector. So, initially the mobile firms gained a financial leverage for their products. It may be noted that the landline started out as a monopoly. But the mobile phone industry has an oligopolistic market structures with a few market players. The firms of the mobile industry have a slightly differentiated service. There are barriers to entry the mobile market. Irrespective of age, almost every one possesses a mobile phone. Each firm in the oligopolistic mobile market has a tacit relationship. This is in order to maintain a profit margin. Ever since its inception, the market for mobile phone was very concentrated. The first ever mobile handset was made by Motorola. On 1st July, 1991, Nokia devised mobile phones using the GSM system. The market leader in the mobile phone industry was Nokia (Finland) in around 90s. Nokia had a monopoly for a significant time period. This was because the market demand was much higher than the target market. But normal mobile phones were transformed into smartphones that started around 2007. As Apple introduced the iPhone, smartphones were popularized. Apples forte was its application section. The output was higher and the usage of personal resources was lower. Apple was thus, allocatively efficient. Later in October, 2008, T-Mobile G1 devised the first ever android. So, Nokias monopoly broke down to duopoly. So, the main players that emerged in the market were Nokia, Motorola, Samsung and Apple. Nokia still maintained its position as the market leader. Nokia targeted the middle income group with its affordable mobile phones. Thus, Nokia enjoyed economies of scale. The marginal costs of mobiles were highly condensed. Thus, this allowed Nokia to sell its mobile handsets at an acceptable cost price. Thus, the price elasticity of demand for Nokia phones was relatively elastic. Nokia also promoted its phone as a normal good which was income elastic: thus, this normal good attracted consumers from various income groups including the lower income group. But until the early 90s, mobile phones were a luxury commodity. Micro economic models: Supply and demand: The case with mobile handsets was that, the demand was greater than its supply over a time period (Hubbard, O'Brien and Sharma, 2013). This means: The demand curve gets shifted towards the right. The supply remains unchanged. Shortage sets in (Hubbard, O'Brien and Sharma, 2013). This induces higher equilibrium price. Demand: Demand schedule for cell phones: Price ($) Cell phones (million) 270 20 240 40 210 60 180 80 150 100 120 120 90 140 60 160 30 180 Shifts in demand curve due to increase in demand of cell phones: Supply schedule for cell phones: Price ($) Cell phones (million) 20 30 40 60 60 90 80 120 100 150 120 180 140 210 160 240 180 270 Shifts in supply curve: Market equilibrium: The market state where demand in a market equals the supply in a market is the market equilibrium. The corresponding quantity is the equilibrium quantity. The corresponding price pertains to the equilibrium price. It is also called the market-clearing price. Here, the quantities supplied and quantities demanded are equal (King, 2012). Thus, market equilibrium is a state where the tendency to change prices is not there. Surplus Shortages: The equilibrium price is A. The equilibrium quantity is Q. Thus, at A, quantity demanded=quantity supplied. At price B; suppliers would supply larger amounts of cellphones than the consumers demand. At C, suppliers would supply fewer amounts of cellphones than the consumers demand (Miller, 2012). Thus, at B, there is surplus. The surplus creates forces among the competitive suppliers. They will cut their prices. These forces shall push down the price to A which is the equilibrium level. Point C exhibits shortage. Thus, the competitors will hike the price of their products. This hike is due to shortages and competition among the buyers (Miller, 2012). Mobile phones and the evolution of the market structures: Apple monopolized both the product for smart phone operating system using iPhone iOS. Nokia monopolized in the second generation mobile handset (Miller, 2013). But these monopolies broke down to oligopoly when some other players like Samsung, Ericsson LG entered the market. All of them are not always price takers. But the rivals prices effects their revenue. Price discrimination the mobile phone industry: The initial mobile market had players like Nokia or Apple for various time periods. And they monopolized the markets in their own lights (Miller, 2013). They charge higher prices due to increased demand and shortage. They practice first degree price discrimination. Thus, they gained super normal profits. The UK mobile industry has six players viz. Vodafone, Orange etc (uSwitch, 2015). Consumer heterogeneity induces price discrimination in the market for mobile phones. These mobile operators charge various prices in the EU countries. This is first degree discrimination (Parkin, 2012). Different roaming charges are also a type of price discrimination. Also each operators charge different prices when consumers call to other networks. Tariff proliferation is done to retain the consumers. Opportunity costs: The differences between the firms revenues and its opportunity cost are the economic profits. Firms do not need to earn any profits at all to be eager to stay in the market (Sloman, Wride and Garratt, 2012). A firm can cover its opportunity cost if resources are used in a best alternative use. Opportunity cost and consumers: The mobile industry is oligopolistic in nature. Thus, consumers can make choices for the products they need. Decisions involving a choice between some options has the opportunity cost (Wessels, 2012). Macroeconomic objectives: Unemployment: Data of mobile phones can present insights to the levels of employment (Onita, 2015). This is because the communication pattern of consumers changes when they are unemployed. Data scientists choose a European plant which subjected to redundancy. The redundant employees number of calls fell by 51%. Their incoming calls are fewer. They also make fewer calls (Onita, 2015). Inflation: Mobile operators have substantially increased their rates in UK as per RPI (Ken's Tech Tips, 2014). As people have more demand, firms take the opportunity to hike prices and attain maximum revenue. (Appendix 1) GDP, growth: Mobile industry is 2% of the world GDP (Sharma, 2015). In both developed developing economies, mobile industry is continuously offering unprecedented growth. The mobile communication services have become a pivotal part of how an economy functions and works. The economies having higher level of data usage (3G) have experienced increase in their GDP at 1.4%. In developing economies a 10% expansion in the mobile penetration hikes productivity by 4.2% in the long run. GDP increase by 0.15% if a 10% increase in 3G penetrations rises (Williams, 2015). Critical evaluation: Mobile phones have become a necessity. It connects the world to a single place. But mobile companies have exploited consumers when initially there were monopolies. They extracted all the consumers surplus. Now, they have evolved to oligopolies. But still practice price discriminations. The firms are targeting the middle income group. They are slashing their prices and including new features. Thus, large portion of a population have access to mobiles. Usages of mobile all pose threats to the human body and the environment. Anti-social activities are also planned and worked out via mobile technology. The recent falls in prices of mobile is due to competition among the oligopolists. All want to earn revenues and create a larger customer base. Initially the demand was high, so firms set higher prices and created shortages. But now consumers can choose from varieties of mobile with new features and designs. No matter what the prices are, for consumers mobile has become a necessity. Even i f inflation sets in, people will consume. Reference: Hubbard, R., O'Brien, A. and Sharma, A. (2013). Economics. Harlow: Pearson Education. Ken's Tech Tips, (2014). Mobile Contracts 'Retail Price Index' (RPI) Price Changes. [online] Available at: https://kenstechtips.com/index.php/mobile-contract-rpi-increases#What_is_RPI_Inflation [Accessed 25 Aug. 2015]. King, D. (2012). Economics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Miller, R. (2012). Economics today. Toronto: Pearson Canada. Miller, R. (2013). Economics today. [S.l.]: Prentice Hall. Onita, L. (2015). Mobile phone usage shows when people are unemployed - E T Magazine. [online] Eandt.theiet.org. Available at: https://eandt.theiet.org/news/2015/jun/phone-usage-unemployment.cfm [Accessed 25 Aug. 2015]. Parkin, M. (2012). Economics. Boston: Addison-Wesley. Sharma, C. (2015). Mobile Industry is Now 2% of the World's GDP, Analyst Reports. [online] Readwrite.com. Available at: https://readwrite.com/2011/07/07/mobile_industry_is_now_2_of_the_worlds_gdp_analyst [Accessed 25 Aug. 2015]. Sloman, J., Wride, A. and Garratt, D. (2012). Economics. Harlow, England: Pearson. uSwitch, (2015). Mobile Phone Networks - UK Mobile Networks and Mobile Phone Companies. [online] Available at: https://www.uswitch.com/mobiles/networks/ [Accessed 25 Aug. 2015]. Wessels, W. (2012). Economics. Hauppauge, N.Y.: Barron's Educational Series. Williams, C. (2015). The impact of mobile telephony on economic growth | Deloitte UK. [online] Deloitte United Kingdom. Available at: https://www2.deloitte.com/uk/en/pages/technology-media-and-telecommunications/articles/impact-of-mobile-telephony-on-economic-growth.html [Accessed 25 Aug. 2015].

Report on Foreign Remittance free essay sample

The organization attachment started on February 01, 2006 and finished on April 31, 2006. My organization supervisor Mr Fuad Yusuf Khan (Manager, Motijhil Booth, HSBC) assigned me the topic of the term paper my institution supervisor at Independent University Mrs. Sardana Islam, duly approved it. The report will definitely identify how the corporate world really works and how the Remittance are approved and disbursed; and will help to apply theoretical knowledge in the practical life. 1. 2 Background of the study: Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC), Bangladesh were the most diversified banking service providers in Bangladesh, as they had various products and services for the customers. HSBC was always in the lookout for various financial opportunities. Towards this end, HSBC is intending to introduce new products and services of Payment and Cash Management for the corporate clients to serve them more efficiently also they were intending to find what they were lacking in Payment Cash Management services 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Report on Foreign Remittance or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 3 Objective of the study: The purposes of this report cognates the internship purpose. The internship objective was to gather practical knowledge and experience of the corporate working environment with the close approximation to the business firm and the experts who are leading and making strategic decisions to enhance the growth of a financial institution. To this regard this report is contemplating the knowledge and experience accumulated from internship program. With the set guidelines and proposal by the School of Business of Independent University and with the kind advice of both the Organization and Internship Supervisor this report comprise of an organization part and a project part. The prime objective of the organization part is: To present an overview and brief introduction of HongKong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Ltd. The Specific objectives of the project part are: ? To depict the Foreign operations by NSC, HSBC Bank Ltd, Motijheel branch. ? To know deeply about Import, Export and Remittance. ? To learn about the procedure of handling Inward Outward Remittances by NSC, HSBC. ? To make analysis of Inward Outward Remittances through HSBC. 1. 3 Scope The scope of this report is limited to literature review (consisting of banking environment of Bangladesh, overview of HSBC group and overview of HSBC Bangladesh), overview of Network Service Centre (NSC), foreign outward and inward remittance, its analysis and recommendation. In the main report I discussed about the activities of Network Service Centre (NSC) of HSBC Bank Limited at its Motijheel office. I also discussed about foreign inward and outward remittance in detail. I made an analysis of Foreign Inward and Outward Remittances under local currency account of HSBC. Foreign inward and outward remittances under foreign currency account are excluded due to simplicity and restriction on data collection. Foreign remittances against Import and Export are excluded. 1. 4 Methodology Both the primary as well as the secondary form of information was used to prepare the report. The details of these sources are highlighted below. 1. 4. 1 Primary Sources Major sources of primary information were discussions with Mr. A. T. M Afsaruzzaman Assistant Officer, HSBC and Other assistant officers at NSC, Motijheel Branch. 1. 4. 2 Secondary Sources Sources of secondary data can be defined as: Internal Sources Bangladesh bank return report Banks Annual Report Group Business Principal manual Group Instruction Manual (GIM) Business Instruction Manual (BIM) Prior research report Any information and literature regarding the Banking sector External Sources Different books and periodicals related to the banking sector Bangladesh Bank Report Newspapers Website information 1. 5 Limitations An Internee has to complete the internship and prepare an internship report within a semester. In briefly, I faced following limitations during the time of preparing this report. Since I was an intern of â€Å"Foreign Remittance Department† of HSBC Motijhil, I was not allowed to stay in other departments for a long period. That is why it was really a big trouble for me to prepare an internship report on Freign Remitance staying in Anchor Tower at Banglamotor Booth. I had to visit Head office frequently to collect these data. As per Bank’s compliance, as an intern I was unable to obtain indispensable experiences of different departments. Due to time shortage, details of many aspects of the services of HSBC Bangladesh Limited have been skipped in this report. One of the main barriers in writing this report was the confidentiality of data. Though I saw their internal procedure that is being used in processing and evaluating any documentary Remittance, but I was told strictly not to disclose that even in my internship report. Banking Environment in Bangladesh 1. History of Banking Industry in Bangladesh : The banking industry in Bangladesh is more than 600 years old. The first commercial bank was ANZ Grindlays Bank which opened in 1905. It is presently named Standard Chartered Grindlays Bank Ltd. after it’s acquisition by the Standard Chartered Bank. Since liberation, Bangladesh passed through fragile phases of development in the Banking sector. The nationalization of Banks in the post liberation period was intended to safe the institutions and the interest of the depositors. Those handling the banking sector have borne the burden of putting banks on reliable footings. Despite all that was done, some elements of irregularities appeared. The public sector management of banks left some negative effects in the money market in particular and the economy in general. The agility among the borrowers manipulates the banking sector as a whole. In effect, a default culture, among other effects, appeared on the scene. 2. Default Culture : The clever, among the user of banking services, have influenced the management of banks, for obtaining short term and long term loans. They sometimes showed inflated equity to get money for investment in businesses and industry. Few diverted their loan money to purposes different from the loan proposals, and invested in non profitable units have failed to repay their loans to the banks. For this reason new entrepreneurs are not getting capital while defaulting entrepreneurs have started obtaining either relief in the form of rescheduling of the repayment program or additional inevitable money for diversified units. Control by Central Bank : With the assertion of the role of the Central Bank, the Bangladesh Bank started adopting measures to check the default culture and to put banking institutions on the right track. As a result the Bangladeshi banking industry is now characterized by the tight banking rules and regulations set by Bangladesh bank. All banks and financial Institutions (FI) are highly governed and controlled under the Banking Companies Act 1993, which lays out many restrictions, besides other guidelines. Among the many regulations imposed, Bangladesh Bank does not allow any FI get into bankruptcy or insolvency. 3. Opening of New Banks : The opening of private and foreign participants to the banking sector was intended to obtain desirable results from banking. The authorization of private banks was designed to create competition among the banks and competition in the form of efficiency within and the productivity in enterprises funded by banks. Government has recently issued licenses to 8 merchant banks. Primary decision has been taken to allow another couple of local commercial banks soon. 2. 5 Caution Against Opening of New Banks : Opening of the recently permitted new banks, without implementation of the needed reforms, could lead to unethical competition and horse- trading in the countrys troubled banking sector, according to the bankers. Mr. Lutfar Rahman Sarkar, Ex-governor Bangladesh Bank echoed his views and said Allowing the new banks, without restoring discipline and resolving their numerous problems, will create unhealthy atmosphere and unethical banking in the whole country. The international Monetary Fund (IMF) and the world Bank earlier asked the government to reconsider its decision to permit new banks without restoring discipline in the sector, crippled by huge amount of bad debts. 2. 6 Financial Institutions : Currently the major financial institutions under the banking system in Bangladesh are Bangladesh Bank ? Commrcial Banks ? Islamic Banks (For interest free Islamic banking in adherence to the shariah, i. e. , Islamic banking principles and practices) ? Leasing Companies ? Finance Companies ? Merchant Banks 2. 7 Performance and Growth : Performance (holding market share) in terms of deposit and advance are presented separately in the following figures: Source: Schedule Bank Statistics, Bangladesh Bank, July 2000 Among Foreign Banks, Standard Chartered Grindlays Bank is enjoying the name of the largest multinational bank operating in Bangladesh. According to the recent Schedule Bank Statistics, SCGB shares 32% of the market share of FCB’s in terms of deposit. SCGB holds the largest market share in terms of advance also among all the foreign banks. In recent days, the bank has concentrated in diversifying its operational activities in personal as well as retail banking. Source: Schedule Bank Statistics SCGB holds the largest market share in terms of advance also among all the foreign banks. In comparison, HSBC, Bangladesh, shares only 11% of the market share of FCB’s in terms of deposit. An Overview of HSBC Group 3. 1 Brief History The HSBC Group is named after its founding member, The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited, which was established in 1865 in Hong Kong and Shanghai to finance the growing trade between China and Europe. Thomas Sutherland, a Hong Kong Superintendent of the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company helped to establish this bank in March 1865. Throughout the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries, the bank established a network of agencies and branches based mainly in China and South East Asia but also with representation in the Indian sub-continent, Japan, Europe and North America. The post-war political and economic changes in the world forced the bank to analyze its strategy for continued growth in the 1950s. The bank diversified both its business and its geographical spread through acquisitions and alliances. HSBC Holdings plc, the parent company of the HSBC Group, was established in 1991 with its shares quoted on both the London and Hong Kong stock exchanges. The HSBC Group now comprises a unique range of banks and financial service providers around the globe. 3. 2 Banks under the HSBC group Many of the members have changed their name into HSBC, The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited to introduce the whole group under one brand name. Midland Bank, one of the principal UK clearing banks, was acquired by HSBC Holdings in 1992. Headquartered in London, the bank has a personal customer base of five and a half million, business customers of over half a million, and a network of almost 1,700 branches in the United Kingdom. Midland has offices in 28 countries and territories, principally in continental Europe, with a number of offices in Latin America. Hang Seng Bank, in which HongkongBank has a 62. 1% equity interest, maintains a network of 146 branches in the Hong Kong SAR, where it is the second-largest locally incorporated bank after HongkongBank. Hang Seng Bank also has a branch in Singapore and two branches and two representative offices in China. Marine Midland Bank, headquartered in Buffalo, New York, has 380 banking locations state-wide. The bank serves over two million personal customers and 120,000 commercial and institutional customers in New York State and, in selected businesses, throughout the United States. Hongkong Bank of Canada is the largest foreign-owned bank in Canada and the country’s seventh-largest bank. With headquarters in Vancouver, it has 116 branches across Canada and two branches in the western United States. Banco HSBC Bamerindus was established in Brazil in 1997. The bank has its head office in Curitibank and a network of some 1,900 branches and sub-branches, the second largest in Brazil. Hongkong Bank Malaysia is the largest foreign-owned bank in Malaysia and the country’s fifth-largest bank, with 36 branches. The British Bank of the Middle East (British Bank) is the largest and most widely represented international bank in the Middle East, with 31 branches throughout the United Arab Emirates, Oman, Bahrain, Qatar, Jordan, Lebanon and the Palestinian Autonomous Area, including an offshore banking unit in Bahrain. The bank also has branches in Mumbai and Trivandrum, India, and Baku, Azerbaijan, as well as private banking operations in London and Geneva. HSBC Banco Roberts was acquired in 1997. Based in Buenos Aires, it is one of Argentina’s largest privately owned banks, with 60 branches throughout the country. HongkongBank of Australia has 16 branches across Australia. It is the flagship of the HSBC Group’s businesses there, operating under the name HSBC Australia, and providing a complete range of financial services. The Saudi British Bank, a 40%-owned member of the HSBC Group, has 63 branches throughout Saudi Arabia and a branch in London. Other associated Group banks are British Arab Commercial Bank, The Cyprus Popular Bank and Egyptian British Bank. Wells Fargo HSBC Trade Bank is a San Francisco-based joint venture between HSBC and Wells Fargo Bank, providing trade finance and international banking services in the United States through its offices in five western states and in conjunction with Wells Fargo’s 32 regional commercial banking offices in 10 western states. In addition, the Group has a non-equity strategic alliance with Wells Fargo Bank, which provides access to a wide range of banking services through that bank’s more than 1,900 staffed outlets. The Group also has a non-equity alliance with Wachovia Corporation, one of the leading corporate banks in the United States, with business relationships in 50 states. 3. 3 HSBC Vision Statement: â€Å"We aim to satisfy our customers with high quality service that reflects our global image as the premier international bank† 3. 4 Objectives of HSBC: To beat mean Total Shareholder Return performance of a peer group of financial institutions over a three-year rolling average, with a minimum objective to double shareholder return value in five years. HSBC’s objectives are to provide innovative products supported by quality delivery of systems and excellence customer services, to train and motivate staffs and to exercise social responsibility. By combining regional strengths with group network HSBC’s aim is to be the one of the leading banks in its principle markets. HSBC’s goal is to achieve sustained earnings growth and to continue to enhance shareholders value. 3. 5 HSBC’s International Network: The HSBC Groups international network comprises of some 10,500 offices in 81 countries. 3. Country Classifications: To ensure that the key resources (management time, capital, human resources and information technology) are correctly allocated and that the exchange of best practice is accelerated between entities, the group has classified the countries where it operates into 3 categories: the large, the major and the international. These classifications are a function of sustainable, attributable earnings, th e number of retail clients, balance sheet and size of operation. A brief presentation of this classification is shown below: Large: Uniited Kingdom, USA and Hong Kong SAR/Mainland China. Major : Argentina, Canada, India, Malaysia, kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Singapore and United Arab Emirates. International: The Rest of the World. 3. 7 International Brand: A key part of the Group’s business strategy, announced in 1998, is the creation of a global brand featuring the HSBC name and hexagon symbol. The symbol is now a familiar sight around the world. The Group has embarked on the next phase — making the HSBC brand universally synonymous with its core values of integrity, trust and excellent customer service. . 8 Corporate Character : HSBC is a prudent, cost conscious, ethically grounded, conservative, trustworthy international builder of long-term customer relationships. 3. 9 Basic Drives : HSBC’s basic drives are Higher Productivity, Team Orientation, and Creative Organization Customer Orientation. The essence of HSBC brand is integrity, trust and excellent customer service. It gives confi dence to customers, value to investors comfort to colleagues. 3. 10 Products and Services :

Agriculture Term Paper Guide Professional Writing in a Few Steps

Agriculture Term Paper Guide Professional Writing in a Few Steps A term paper is an important final stage of students activities, which he/she did throughout the specific course. Such assignments often scare learners, because it seems impossible to link different kinds of research into a single piece, isolate the key moment on which the report will be based, and overcome all possible barriers. However, in practice, a term essay does not represent a real complexity if you follow the instructions and perform each action sequentially. Moreover, the creation of such a report can be much easier than previous tasks, because its writing requires the use of already available information, which has been thoroughly explored during the study of the discipline. The agriculture term paper guide provided below will assist you in creating a well-structured term paper and will reveal possible pitfalls that could happen on your way. What Is an Agriculture Term Paper? Throughout the academic term, you have studied many topics related to agriculture. They could either be theoretical or be your own research projects. If looking globally, your agriculture term paper should summarize all the information you have received and provide the conclusions you have made in the learning process. In other words, it is a kind of academic qualification work: it shows how well you know certain basic competencies in the field of agriculture. The writing of a term paper is the development and consolidation of certain skills, especially your ability to create an independent text in the genre of academic writing, expound your own and other peoples thoughts reasonably, clearly, and consistently as well as observe the basic formalities of an academic qualification work. In addition, writing the term paper develops your ability to work with sources of information systematically and purposefully. All these skills will be useful for you in the future life if you decide to link your career with agriculture. Therefore, your term paper is the final research work, which purpose is: consolidation, synthesis, and deepening of knowledge on Agriculture; consolidation of skills in working with scientific literature and electronic sources; formation of skills for problem-solving within the Agriculture discipline; independent generalization, analysis, modeling, assessment of the influence of factors, and comparison of different points of view on the problem under study; summarizing the information studied; evaluation of the influence of the studied material on the formation of your personal and professional experience. Agriculture Term Paper Tips on Preliminary Notes Ideally, you should start preparing to write the term paper when you are assigned the first assignment during the semester. Mind that timely preparation allows you to facilitate the process of writing your final report to a large extent. So, every time you perform another task (for example, writing a research or theoretical paper, conducting surveys or field experiments, and others), you must develop the habit of keeping preliminary notes. What Are They Needed For? They will allow you to make a brief summary of the work done to recall its features over time with ease. They help to highlight the key points and topics that seem most important to you or are important for writing the term essay. For example, agriculture is evolving, the use of biotechnology is actively developing in agriculture, agriculture can positively affect the environment, and so on. They will help you to systematize the information received as its complexity increases or in the context of individual subtopics. In the process of making preliminary notes, you can state your thoughts, reflections or suggestions on the topic in question. For example, during the assessment of the ecological state of a poultry farm, I noted that the level of various toxicants is exceeded in feed and meat of birds. Therefore, the research on the ways to improve the environmental safety of feed products can become an important topic for future research. Such notes will help you formulate key findings for each individual task, which will subsequently provide significant support in writing the term paper. How to Make Preliminary Notes? Our Writers Know: Always have a sheet of paper for notes and a pen at hand. Take notes systematically, without missing a single topic. The notes should be short. Outline the key points only. The preliminary notes should be presented on paper only after the completion of the assignment done in order to have time to consider the topic comprehensively and exclude erroneous conclusions. Each note entry should correspond to the topic under study to avoid mixing information. Do not hesitate to ask your instructor or academic supervisor for advice. The preliminary notes will help you when writing the term essay, especially when you are describing your personal and professional experience. Selecting a Relevant Topic for the Agriculture Term Paper During the semester, you have to face a lot of topics. Nevertheless, the term paper should summarize them all and provide some general conclusion that seems difficult. However, you should remember that your thematic assignments intersect each other throughout the reporting academic term in one way or another, so you should find one general topic that affects these previous works directly or indirectly. The choice should be made as follows: View your previous papers carefully and refresh your memory regarding their features. Explore your preliminary notes with paying attention to the highlighted points. The topic should be interesting to you. It is desirable that you can continue working on it further. The proper formulation of the topic is the key to the successful completion of the final paper. Your supervisor will help you in this matter. In this way, among all your completed assignments, you can find a common theme that will become a key point in your term essay. Considering the past stages, it will be necessary to formulate all the conclusions in terms of interaction with the chosen topic. For example, during the semester, you studied the following topics: Use of Advanced Technologies in Agriculture; Agriculture the Evolution or Degradation; The Impact of Climatic Conditions on Agriculture; Contamination of Agricultural Lands with Toxicants; Features of Organic Farming; Sustainable Agriculture, as a Factor in Improving the Environment. You have the preliminary notes and a general impression on each of these topics. It is necessary to find the one that would unite all these studies and would be relevant for its further consideration. For example, the generalized topics may be the following ones: environmental sustainability in agriculture; ways to make agriculture safe and environment-friendly; environmental problems in agriculture and ways to minimize them. As you can see, the proposed topics combine assignments, which you performed earlier, which means that they can be the basis for the term paper. Key Points to Mind Working on an Agriculture Term Paper In order for the final essay to meet the stated goal, it must include three mandatory items that will disclose the characteristics of the work on agriculture that you have performed: The main thesis statement and description of the selected key idea. At the very beginning of the final paper, you should interest those who will read it afterward. The explanation of your main topic, as well as its problems, relevance, and significance for future research, are the basis of all the work done. You may express your interest, show your personal interpretation of the observed events and phenomena, and apply your own skills and qualifications. In addition, remember that you must adhere to the stated thesis or hypothesis throughout the entire writing of the essay and link all the analyzed items with it, thereby confirming or, conversely, refuting it. For example, the relevance of the issue of environmental protection in agriculture is increasing in modern conditions in connection with the processes of pollution of natural resources used in agricultural production. Violation of the natural balance of the environment is associated with the intensification of agricultural production without proper assessment and accounting of the natural resource potential of agriculture (the mechanization of many processes, melioration, excessive or deep plowing of fields, high concentration of production, use of mineral fertilizers, pesticides, and so on), which has negatively affected the quality of the soil and its fertility. Summary analysis and characteristics of the work done. In this part, you will need your preliminary notes and the information base of your previous papers. The best option is to break this stage into several ones, in each of which you will briefly characterize one particular study you have conducted. For this purpose, you need to point out the purpose and the main research question of each paper as well as describe your observations and thoughts that arose in the process of making them. It is also necessary to show results and draw conclusions. It is desirable that these results would be supported by practical examples from your works. In this section, you can add statistical information on aspects of agricultural activities. However, they must strictly intersect with the stated topic. Each paragraph should adhere to the initially stated thesis and explain how the work relates to it, and what significance the findings have for highlighting this direction. At the end of this section, you should draw a general conclusion on all your research projects and confirm your assumption regarding the topic that you have chosen. Evaluation of the work done and experience gained. This item will include your subjective vision of the significance of the work done. In it, you must raise the studied topics once again and then draw a conclusion about what experience you have gained and why it will be necessary for you in the future. For example, in the process of observing the peculiarities of plowing agricultural lands, I concluded that modern mechanical devices conduct excessively deep plowing of the soil, which can adversely affect its ecological balance in the future. The experience gained is necessary for future research and development related to ensuring the safety of the environment and minimizing the adverse impact of agriculture on the ecological situation. Also, additional points may be such sections: Barriers and obstacles identified in the course of work. In this paragraph, you can tell what difficulties you encountered and why they arose. Also, you can offer your or someones solution that will help overcome such obstacles in the future and improve the effectiveness of the work. Suggestions for future research. Based on the areas studied, you can choose one direction that you would like to develop further. It can touch the topics already studied directly, or be the information that you encountered in the process of your research accidentally and without planning. You can indicate the importance it has for the topic of agriculture, and what scientific value it can bring in the future. So, have a look at a possible structure of your agriculture term paper: Writing and Post-Writing Tips: Get Ready to Submitting In the process of writing the agriculture term paper, it is recommended to adhere to the following points: The final essay should demonstrate progress in your learning and gradual mastery of the necessary competencies. The primary core competency is the high-grade and adequate representation and reflection of the required information. It is important to demonstrate the skills of searching and organizing information from the specialized literature on your topic. That is, in the process of writing the term essay, cite peer-reviewed sources as often as possible. Arrange your paper properly. This point is especially true for the correct design of references, citations, and bibliographic arrangement of works. You must demonstrate the ability to work with other peoples studies and distinguish them from yours. Constantly work on your style and syntax of your sentences. Pay attention to how the texts that you read are written. Use appropriate reference books and apply correct words. Do not be afraid to seek help from your instructor. It does not indicate your lack of knowledge. On the contrary, it means that you are striving to make your term paper as good and effective as possible. In addition, the instructor can help you formulate an elusive thought or turn your ideas in the right direction. The Main Criteria for Assessing the Agriculture Term Paper You should be aware of the assessment criteria because, in this case, you can stick to them during the process of writing your agriculture term paper. It should be remembered that the topic of agriculture is very broad, so the vagueness of formulations and generalized characteristics that do not have a narrow focus can reduce the quality of your work. As a rule, the evaluation criteria for the term essays are as follows: The paper must be well-structured and organized; Your judgments and reflections must be supported by evidence; The content of the term paper must be consistent with the stated topic; The work should contain a qualitative analysis; An extended range of questions for analysis is desirable; The paper must be informative and reflect clear thoughts; You must use peer-reviewed sources and cite them correctly; Do not forget about literacy and accuracy. Finally, remember the most important point writing an agriculture term paper is not a difficulty. However, preliminary preparation and accurate adherence to the recommendations is the key to the success.

The Life Of Hernando Cortes essays

The Life Of Hernando Cortes essays Hernando Cortes was born in 1485 in a town called Medellin in Extremadura Spain. During the time of Cortes youth, the town of his birth was like the setting of a carnival for a growing boy (Marks 3). Medellin was the home of an old castle from the days of the wars between the Spanish and the Moors; the young boys of the town found this castle most entertaining. Later in his life Cortes started attending the University of Salamanca in Salamanca, Spain. His law school years were cut short in 1501 when he decided to try his luck in the New World. In the spring of 1504, Cortes set sail for the land of Cuba. After arriving in Cuba in 1511, he joined the Spanish soldiers and Administrator Diego Velasquez in the conquest of the land, and there he became mayor of Santiago de Cuba. In 1518 he persuaded Velasquez to give him command to the expedition of Mexico that had recently been discovered by Juan de Grijalva, nephew of Velasquez. Despite Velasquezs cancellation on his payment to Cortes due to suspicion that he was exploring and discovering for his own glory, Cortes set sail west from Cuba on February 19, 1519. Cortes took with him about 600 men, less than 20 horses, and 10 field pieces. Cortes sailed along the east coast of Yucatan and in March 1519 landed in Mexico and quickly neutralized the town of Tabasco. The artillery, the ships, and especially the horses had the natives captivated from the minute they landed. Quickly after Cortes had taken Tabasco, the natives began telling him the stories of the Aztecs and their ruler Montezuma. These intriguing stories struck Cortes attention, and he began asking more questions about these mysterious Aztecs. At the beginning of Cortes search for the Aztecs, he and his men took many of the locals captive, one of which they found special, so they baptized her and renamed her Marina. Marina quickly became Cortes lover and out of loyalty to him a...

Political Activism Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Political Activism - Assignment Example This will see the current policy of the Canada revenue agency (CRA) that relate to political activities conduct by registered charities remaining unchanged. The changes arising from the Budget 2012 should not be left to deter the registered charities from engaging in political activities. Charities should get involved or continue to participate in the political activities so long as they pursue the rules applicable. The charities should as well document all their political activities involvement. There have been allegations against environmental charities in their use of donations that are claimed to be received from foreign sources. A group of politicians specifically, has raised questions concerning the foreign funding appropriateness on environmental charities in Canada, whether the funds in question were useful in lobbying the government. For instance, of significance is the initiated Senate inquiry by Senator Nicole Eaton on February 2012, based upon the claims by the Senator th at such funding were influencing policy discussions improperly in the country. This was presumed with regards to government projects like the Northern Gateway pipeline. There was no credibility in such accusations in that, the charitable sector has quite a number of segments in Canada, and each year these segments receive a large scale funding from foreign sources. Such includes hospitals, universities and religious organizations, and the federal government has not made any allegations that the funding could be used in support of a political activity. Noting the strategy of counter terrorism by the federal government released on February 2012 is so crucial since it equated white supremacy environmentalism and terrorist activities in the city of Oklahoma in 1995 (Carter & Claridge, 54). As a result of this strategy and other kinds of attacks on environmental charities, the charities have created a force to enable them engage in political activities (Carter & Man, 47). However, the ab ility of charities to get involved in political activities has not been impacted by Budget2012, through the implementation of its legislation. Engaging in alternative community services could be more effective in addressing this issue. For instance, all registered charities are needed by law to have charitable purposes that are beneficial to a community such as poverty relief, promotion of advanced education and religion, and promoting of health care for the communities. The policy statement of the CRA on political activities, CPS-022, the activities by registered charities can be categorized into three as political activity, charitable activity or prohibited activity. An activity considered charitable is normally permitted without any limit. For example, communicating with public through a charity on the issue that relates to the purposes of the charity can be, under certain circumstances, be a charitable activity. However, the sort of communication has to satisfy the following req uirements: 1. Relate to and subordinate to the charitable purposes of the charity. 2. Reasoned well. 3. Does not contain inaccurate, false, or misleading information. Involving in charitable activities in a political platform

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 20

History - Essay Example The magnitude of this case was clear from the onset as the burden of proof was left in the hands of top government legal practitioners. No greater expectation was put on the side of the petitioner, Mr. Lochner, whom many thought, would lose. The case was about the working environments in the bakeries and Mr. Lochnerhad been fined by the court for extending the working hours for his employee thereby bridging the rules stipulated by the state. The working hours in the bakeries were to be not more than 10 hour a day averaging to about 60 hours a week (Bernstein, 2005). However, Mr. Lochner argued his case based on individual contract and that the state policing power had no rights in interfering in such private issues. The Supreme Court ruling on this case would spark serious indifference that would be felt over a long period (Bernstein, 2005). The sitting judges of the Supreme Court at that time lead by Justice Peckam who declared their decision voting 5-4 in support of the case (Bernstein, 2005). They argued that the contracts in the bakery were a matter that would be derived from the Fourth amendment. The Fourth Amendment stipulated that "All men are by nature free and independent, and have certain inalienable rights, among which are those of enjoying and defending life and liberty, acquiring and possessing and protecting property: and pursuing and obtaining safety and happiness (Bernstein, 2005)." The ruling cited supported the ruling by arguing that the state had no right in how an individual entered into a contract. This was in reference to a previous case in 1897 between Allgeryer and Louisiana in which the liberty of contract clause was due applied (Bernstein, 2005). This was mainly geared to put off the foreign investors from the competition with the already bakeshops in the state. Their decision would later be termed as judicial activism in favor of individual interest and the supporting economic liberty while depriving

Summary of Human Resource Development Essay Example for Free

Summary of Human Resource Development Essay HRD OVERVIEW POSITIONING The definition of HRD is an integrated and holistic, conscious and proactive approach to changing work-related knowledge and behaviour, using a wide range of learning strategies and techniques in order to improve individual effectiveness and productivity. HRD is highly required in every organization to achieve their goals. HRD also defined as the capacity to incorporate learning into behaviour. HRD scope related to get the right people on the job, retain the right people in organization, and develop them in order to improve individual effectiveness. Furthermore, the primary HRD function aims to improve individual, group, and organizational effectiveness. It involves in training and education, organization development, and career development. Employability is the willingness and ability to recognize personal strength and develop self, which acquires new skills, knowledge, expertise to improve performance and effectiveness for both current and future job. In order to support the process of continuous personal development and lifelong learning of employees, it is important for HRD function to give attention for learning and with how it might be managed. B. INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES WITHIN ORGANIZATION Every person is fundamentally different from everyone else, thus managers must recognize that these differences exist and attempt to understand them. One of the HR department task’s is to identify and well known the existing employees so that they can place the employee in the fit/appropriate job/position, groupwork, in the organization. Therefore, better selection and recruitment process is needed to avoid errors in the placement of an employee. Recruitment and selection process aims to find the right person for the right job by analyzing the persons personality. There are big five types of personality traits agreeableness, conscientiousness, negative emotionality, extraversion and openness. These aspects have taken into account in the recruitment and selection process. These types of personality do not only give the benefit to the person itself but also to the organization. As we know that poor recruitment process can result in higher rates of turnover, reduced performance effectiveness, lower job satisfaction and reduces work motivation. Nowadays, Emotional Intelligence (EQ) is believe as an important tool to recruitment and selection process. Emotional Intelligence (EQ) is the extent to which people are self-aware, can manage their emotions can motivate themselves, express empathy for others, and process social skills. Human resources is important and valuable asset for every company. Many organizations improve their employees competencies to achieve the company goals. Most of companies are willing to spend a lot of money to develop their employees knowledge and skills. There are several ways to develop employee skills by conducting workshops, seminars, inhouse training, tailor made training, off job training and studying in the higher level of education in local or foreign schools. The 7 habits of highly effective people (Stephen Covey) are: be proactive, begin with the end in mind, put first thing first, think win-win, seek first to understand then to be understood, synergize, and sharpen the saw. C. INTERCULTURAL MANAGEMENT – CULTURAL AWARENESS Culture is the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one group from another (Geert Hofstede). Culture is not static but is dynamic. Another definition of the culture is the uniqeness and trust that attach in one group that could be distinguished from another and become the habit which implemented in the daily life. In the shipping and transport organization, we could see many people from different nations work together. Intercultural is always coloring every company in the world. Culture shock is the confused feelings one experiences when confronted with a large number of new and unfamiliar people or situations. To prevent a cultural shock, we must know why people do certain things. To avoid a culture shock we need to develop cultural sensitivity. Furthermore about intercultural differences there are Collectivism versus Individualism. This is a social theory favouring freedom of action for individuals over collective or state control. The big different between Individual and Collective Societies is the intensity of ties among individual it self. D. EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT MOTIVATION LEARNING THEORY Motivation is the set of forces that leads people to behave in particular ways. The objective for managers is to motivate people to behave in ways that are in the organization’s best interest. One of the famous theories of motivation is â€Å"The Dual-Structure theory† by Herzberg. Herzberg theory identifies motivation factors, which affect satisfaction, and hygiene factors, which determine dissatisfaction. Motivation factors are intrinsic to the work itself and include factors such as achievement, recognition, work itself, responsibility, advancement and growth. Hygene factors are extrinsic to the work itself and include factors such as company policy, supervision, relationship with superior, work conditions, status, and job security. Learning is the process whereby individuals acquire knowledge, skills and attitudes through emperience, reflection, study or instruction. There are three learning styles models but the famous one is learning cycle model by Kolb. There are four styles of learning, they are: divergers, assimilators, convergers and accomodators. E. ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT LEARNING ORGANIZATION Organization development is the process of planned change and improvement of the organization through application of knowledge of the behavioral sciences. There are three definition of learning organization but the famous one is Senge’s definition, learning organization is organizations where people continually expand their capacity to create the results they truly desire, where new and expansive patterns of thinking are nurtured, where collective aspiration is set free and where people are continually learning to see the whole together. F. HUMAN ELEMENT IN SHIPPING Human Element in Shipping correlated with Human Error. Human element according to the International Maritime Organization is a complex multi-dimensional issue that affects marine safety, security and marine environmental protection involving the entire spectrum of human activities performed by ship’s crews, shore based management, regulatory bodies and others. Human error is sometimes described as being one of the following incorrect decisions, an improperly performed action or improper lack of action. Human element is influenced by some factors, they are: a. People factors b. Ship factors c. Working and living condition d. Organization onboard e. Shore side management f. External influence and management The above factors could influence every seafarer during his work onboard the vessel. These elements will deliver good performance of seafarer or in contrary, these could result in bad performance of seafarer that would cause much impact to the people, animal and environment. We all know that many accidents on the vessels caused by the human error. That is why HRM and HRD play important roles to reduce this issue by allocating the right person in the right job. The causes of maritime incidents can be linked to a number of contributory factors: a. Poor ship or system design; b. Equipment failure through poor maintenance; c. Fatigue; d. Ineffective communication; e. Lack of attention to rules, regulations, and procedures; f. Inadequate training in the operation of equipments; g. Unawareness of the vulnerabilities of electronic systems; h. Complacency. G. CONCLUSSION One of the most valuable assets in a company or organization is human resources. By having good quality of human resources the organization will be able to running well. To obtaining good quality of human resource in the organization, in the beginning management has to make sure the good quality process of recruitment, so that management can place the right people for the right position. Furthermore, one the HR department responsible is to developed human resource through training, learning even to higher level school. Through good human resource organization can avoid errors or failures in the company. To develop human resource requires considerable cost, therefore budget problem often happen in many organizations, moreover the level of success for this development program will not be known in an uncertain manner. Finally, human resources development is very important for people and organization to achieve the company goals.

Joseph Stalin Essay -- essays research papers

Joseph Stalin was a Georgian Marxist revolutionary leader and later dictator of the USSR. He was born in Gori, Georgia. He studied at Tiflis Orthodox where he was expelled from in 1899. After joining a Georgian Social Democratic organization in 1898, he became active in a revolutionary underground, and he was twice sent to Siberia. As a leading Bolshevik he played an active role in the October Revolution. In 1922, he became general secretary of the Party Central Committee, a position that he held until the day of his death. Stalin also occupied other key positions, which enabled him to build up enormous personal power in the government. This is a key point in Stalin’s life where he was enormously confident about himself which led him to do things that were no acceptable in today’s standard life. After the death of Vladimir I. Lenin in 1924 Stalin became leader of the Soviet Union where he made many changes to agriculture and industry. He believed that the Soviet Union w as one hundred years behind the West and that they had to catch up as quickly as possible. This is where the idea of his "Five Year Plan," came about. The five-year plan basically got the people involved and motivated them into a modern life. From the 5-year plan, 25 million farms were produced which were only big enough to feed the families that were harvesting them. The more successful peasants were called the Kulaks. Along with the five-year plan, Stalin launched a campaign for the &q...

Life of Cleopatra

One of the well thought-out classic scopes was the life of Cleopatra. She was considered as one of the most famous and influential figures in olden times. Because of the Hollywood film done for her account it was very tough to find which was real and which myth was. Her life was full of scheme and cleverness, and mystery. She was truly a dominant and radiant woman whose places in history, her tools that took her to manage many powerful men in her life and also led her to ultimate demise were her beauty, native allure and appeal.A lover, warrior, mother, enthusiast of all that brought splendor, queen of Nile, and were the account associated to her, but the certain thing was that she was last Pharaoh of Egypt. The life of Cleopatra was influenced the mythological ideas of the most writers as well as Shakespeare. Through her life the substitute ability to Catholic academic doctrine was recognized. As the matter of fact the influence of outside literature and arts were commanding in Rome up to now. And by her impressive history, many writer was trying to dig deeper the reality of her life.And this was the beginning of her epic life. Cleopatra VII Philopator or Cleopatra the destined queen was born in Alexandra the former capital of Egypt 69 years before the birth of Christ. A beautiful baby was the eldest child of Cleopatra VI Tryphaina and Ptolemy XII Auletes Theos Philopator Philadelphos Neo Dionysos also known as Ptolemy XII the reigning pharaoh of that time. At the very young age of nine, Ptolemy her father was allegedly a son of a non-married couple, her father was trying to overcome the trial for his fading supremacy by bribing authoritative Romans.Cleopatra VI was died when they returned to Egypt. Through Roman forces the throne was regained by his father. At 51 BC her 9 years old brother Ptolemy XIII was married to her at the age 18, with the same age together with her brother and husband she became the queen of Egypt by inheriting the ruler ship of her fat her. In the beginning of Cleopatra’s reign all was not so easy due to the fact of her age, many groups were too envious of her cleverness and for ruling the entire Egypt unaided and she had to compete with her enemies, and these were the reasons why she struggled completely.The Romans were conquering city after city, until the ministers pressed Cleopatra out of her command after ruling the Egypt for three years. She moved out of Egypt and lived in Syria and left the throne to her brother alone that she thought agreed with the situation. Because of the circumstances she was too infuriated but didn’t give up. When she learned that Julius Caesar was in Alexandria, Cleopatra planned to go back to her native land in secret to escape from the hand of her brother.To get coalition against her brother Ptolemy XIII and to defend her mother landed from fraud, as what the most accounts told that Cleopatra offered her virgin body and surrendered it in the form of rug, she covered u p herself in an oriental rug and presented it to the general who almost four times of her age . And she got the attention of the Romans general, Julius Caesar fall in love at the first sight to her when the rugs unfold. Her charisma and allure beauty surpassed the influence of Caesar. Ptolemy XIII affirmed warfare against Caesar and his Roman soldiers since he believed that he was deceived.Caesar took controlled of the throne of Alexandria when he defeated Ptolemy XIII in the war. After the battle Caesar due to his loved to Cleopatra he gave back the power to Cleopatra to rule the Egypt alongside with her brother Ptolemy XIV as co-leader. In June 47 BC Cleopatra bore a child and to emphasize that her son was from Caesar she named him Ptolemy XV Caesarion, but Caesar never properly acknowledged fatherhood. In 46 BC General Julius Caesar returned to Rome he brought Cleopatra and his son showing as a prisoner of war because he was already married with Calpurnia.But Cleopatra fought for her privilege; she asserted to be the wife of Caesar that brought him to assassination in 44 BC. After Caesar murdered Cleopatra go back to Egypt, she recognized her son Ptolemy XV Caesarion as her co-monarch regardless of the rumor that she perhaps killed her brother Ptolemy XIV. Rome Empire began to divide upon the death of Julius Caesar, and because of Caesar assassination Cleopatra’s throne was in danger; she collaborated with Marc Antony the subsequently Roman forces governor of the area, an old companion of Caesar.She proved to Marc dramatically and convinced him that she was not guilty about the allegation to her regarding her support to the followers of Julius in Rome, apparently, she got the hold up and captured his interest. Marc left Cleopatra with twin in her womb after he spent the whole winter in Alexandria with her. In the meantime he went to his first wife Fulvia who died in 40 BC. In 37 BC Marc went back to Antioch with Cleopatra and undergone a matrimony of marriage in 36 BC. With the same year a baby boy named Ptolemy Philadelphus was born to them.After they knew that Ptolemy XV was lost controlled his territory including Lebanon which is formerly part of Cyprus, officially Marc renovate to Egypt. After the military victory in 34 BC he tied Cleopatra in Alexandria and recognized Caesarion as the son of Julius Caesar and affirmed the joint rulership of Cleopatra and her son. When the Romans threatened specially Octavian formerly ally of Antony, conceding of country by Marc to Cleopatra was used by Octavian to destroy the trust of the ministers to him.Because of this, the Romans were not happy to their relationship because they considered that the loyalty of Marc was not in the Rome Empire anymore since he gave away the power of ruling Egypt to Cleopatra. In 31 BC Marc Antony lost to Octavian in Battle of Actium because of the misstep pointing to Cleopatra. Cleopatra tried to persuade Octavian to support her offspring to progression of authority but she was unsuccessful to make a deal. Unfortunately, luck was twisted against them. After the defeat of Marc Antony to Octavian and lost all his support he committed suicide and die in the arm of his beautiful wife Cleopatra.Since all of the Roman forces go against Cleopatra she decided to cut off her life by poisoning herself with the use of snake and died in admiration and was the very last Pharaoh of EgyptBIBLIOGRAPHYAnalysis of Four Character of Shakespeare http://www. free-essays. us/dbase/d3/lva130. shtmlAncient Egyptian Pharaohs: http://www. 123helpme. com/view. asp? id=23405Biography and history of Cleopatra http://en. oboulo. com/biography-and-history-of-cleopatra-44856. htmlBiography of Cleopatra http://www. chevroncars. com/learn/famous-people/cleopatraChronology of Cleopatra’s Life http://atrium-media. com/bibliotheca/romanhistory/cleopatrahist. htmlCleopatra – Queen Of Egypt: http://www. 123helpme. com/view. asp? id=58913Cleopatra, Ruler of E gypt http://www. infoplease. com/biography/var/cleopatra. htmlCleopatra’s Wiles http://www. azete. com/preview/58914Greco-Roman Influence in Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra http://www. 123HelpMe. com/view. asp? id=16285Isabelle Vignier. The Tragic in Antony and Cleopatra, June 2004 http://www. literature-study-online. com/essays/antony-cleopatra. htmlShakespeare’s Antony and Cleopatra http://www. englishessays.org. uk/english-essays/shakespeare-anthony-cleopatra. phpThe Female Pharaoh Cleopatra – History Essay http://www. freeonlineresearchpapers. com/female-pharaoh-cleopatraThe Love Story of Antony and Cleopatra http://www. azete. com/preview/8726The Masks of Anthony and Cleopatra http://www. thefreelibrary. com/The+Masks+of+Anthony+and+Cleopatra-a0161065564The Story of Cleopatra in Ancient Egypt http://www. echeat. com/essay. php? t=30239What are some conflicts and compromises in Cleopatra's life time? http://answers. yahoo. com/question/index? qid=20071227 084535AAGJBCP

Plato’s Utopia

PLATO's UTOPIA I. What is the main argument of Plato about society, social relationships, and the individuals relationship with his society? Plato, the Father of Philosophy, was known as a Classical Greek philosopher, mathematician, founder of the Academy in Athens, and lastly, as a writer. In fact, one of his books, The Republic, was one of the best-known work and has proven to be one of the most intellectually and historically influential works of philosophy and political theory. The central principle of this book is Plato’s argument about the ideal society.Likewise, it was said that the main argument of The Republic is about being a good person, the struggle for justice. Plato ideally dreamt of a world grounded by genuine goodness. Moreover, Plato’s account doesn’t only talks about the ideal society and justice, he also focuses on the issues about goodness, censorship, education, etc. With concerns to censorship, in this book, he mentioned that â€Å"censorsh ipâ€Å" (basically referring to videos and music), plays an important role in one society because basically, it could give license to everyone in a republic, and thus can lead people to of course, do whatever they want.Another concept or argument in Plato’s account is his belief of goodness. He emphasizes that being good is actually good, and to add on to that, he also stated that virtue is what makes a person internal and thus gives harmony to one’s soul. Education was also one of the theme of the text. In his writing, this great philosopher pointed out that education was the whole course of the state, of our lives. It is all about our ethics, jobs, life, career, destiny and faith.In relation to this, he mentioned about the concept of â€Å"pragmatism† which talks about how a person deals with the world and not transcend on judging culture. Likewise, Plato’s republic also deal with the solutions to overcome sexual discrimination. According to him, men and women can be completely â€Å"equalized† on the premise that women must never be again mothers. Plato believed that this is what it would take to overcome sexual differentiation in hierarchy. Lastly, he made the â€Å"Theory of Forms† –what is rue in an absolute sense, what is possible to know. To sum it up, basically, Plato’s republic is about life, how you live and leave it. It’s not just about his wishes on having an â€Å"ideal society†, but also, is about REALITY. II. Regardless of your position with regard to Plato's views about society and the citizen, what are the three most important lessons about citizenship and life within a political community or society that you can derive from the discussions in the documentary film?Justice, Education and Equality. These three were the most important and valuable lessons which Plato’s Republic emphasized. First is Justice. In the first part of the documentary film, the scene was alre ady depicting the struggle of the republic for justice. Plato ‘s vision of an ideal society is linked to the idea of justice, the prevalence of truth, for it is a contributing factor on how to obtain a peaceful and orderly kind of community. Second is the importance of education.Plato believed that a well-education person has all the skills needed in order to come up with wise decision especially in the political realm. Thus, can incorporate justice in the society, in the government which also can resist vices like corruption. And third, is the vital sense of equality, especially between the rights of men and women. As we all know, women were treated differently as to men, they were deprived of having the rights which men have like having the right to education. So, sexual discrimination, as we call it, was one of the issues which Plato wishes to resolve.He maintained that prospective male and female, should receive the same education and be assigned to the same vital function s within the society. III. How does social capital fit into the underlying view of citizenship? Social capital refers to connections among individuals –social networks and the norms of reciprocity and trustworthiness. It is a resource should be used for public good or for the benefit of individuals; thus facilitate co-operation and mutually supportive relations in communities and therefore solve modern issues.With those definitions, it can be seen that social capital fit into the underlying view of citizenship for it entails the duties and responsibilities that a citizen must have. What I mean is that, as a citizen, the idea of social capital can be of big help for it lets the people to be aware of certain issue which actually leads them to be active enough to collaborate in order to find innovative solutions and remedies. The idea of social capital also helps the citizens to utilize and maximize their resources for the betterment of their society. .

Too Much French Vocabulary Is the Haute of Hauteur

Too Much French Vocabulary Is the Haute of Hauteur Too Much French Vocabulary Is the Haute of Hauteur Too Much French Vocabulary Is the Haute of Hauteur By Mark Nichol Thanks to the longstanding political and social influence of France on what is now the United Kingdom, French and its dialects have had a significant impact on the English language. Linguists estimate that nearly one-third of English words are derived from French, and though some are more efficient or evocative in meaning than words that evolved from Old English, terms that ostentatiously signal their place of origin should be used in moderation. Many words we take for granted stem from French, among them some of the terms most closely associated with the United States, such as equality, justice, and liberty. However, Gallicisms, expressions and idioms clearly identifiable as French (though they often have become naturalized citizens in English), are also numerous. For example, many speakers of American English use one or more phrases beginning with the French word for good: â€Å"bon appetit† (literally â€Å"good appetite,† meaning â€Å"enjoy your meal†), â€Å"bon mot† (literally â€Å"good piece,† meaning â€Å"witty remark†), â€Å"bon vivant† (literally â€Å"good liver,† meaning â€Å"one who lives well†), and â€Å"bon voyage† (literally, â€Å"good journey,† meaning â€Å"enjoy your trip†). The first and last are universally familiar, but â€Å"bon mot† and â€Å"bon vivant† are less widely known. And although most well-educated people understand what a coup de grace is, it would be considered pretentious to write of a coup de foudre (literally, â€Å"strike of thunder,† meaning â€Å"love at first sight†), a coup de maitre (literally, â€Å"stroke of the master,† meaning â€Å"masterstroke†), a coup de theatre (literally, â€Å"stroke of theater,† meaning â€Å"dramatic turn of events†), or a coup d’oeil (literally, â€Å"strike of the eye,† meaning â€Å"glance†). Likewise, many other French terms may be at best vaguely familiar to readers, and though readers may not mind going to the dictionary once or twice, writers should be cautious about annoying them by lacing their work with too many words or phrases such as habituà © (â€Å"one who frequents a place†), â€Å"idà ©e fixe† (â€Å"obsession†), louche (â€Å"questionable, or arousing suspicion†), and manque (â€Å"failure†). Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Using "a" and "an" Before Words8 Writing Tips for Beginners5 Erroneously Constructed â€Å"Not Only . . . But Also† Sentences

Science Explains Why Rotten Eggs Float

Science Explains Why Rotten Eggs Float One of the ways to tell whether an egg is rotten or still good is to use the flotation test. To perform the test, you place the egg in a glass of water. Fresh eggs typically rest at the bottom of the glass. An egg that sinks but rests with the large end facing up may be a bit older but is still fine for cooking and eating. If the egg floats, its old and may be rotten. You can test this for yourself, although to be scientific about it, youll need to crack open the egg to observe its appearance and smell it to be certain eggs are good or bad (trust me, youll know the bad ones). Youll find the test is fairly accurate. So, you may be wondering why the bad eggs float. Why Bad Eggs Float Fresh eggs sink because the egg yolk, egg white, and gases have enough mass that the density of the egg is greater than the density of water. Density is the mass per unit of volume. Basically, a fresh egg is heavier than water. When an egg starts to go off decomposition occurs. Decomposition gives off gases. As more of the egg decomposes, more of its mass is converted to gases. A gas bubble forms inside the egg so an older egg floats on its end. However, eggs are porous, so some of the gas escapes through the eggshell and is lost to the atmosphere. Although gases are light, they do have mass and affect the density of the egg. When enough gas is lost, the density of the egg is less than that of water and the egg floats. Its a common misconception that rotten eggs float because they contain more gas. If the inside of an egg rotted and the gas couldnt escape, the mass of the egg would be unchanged. Its density would also be unchanged because the volume of an egg is constant (i.e., eggs dont expand like balloons). Changing matter from the liquid state to the gas state doesnt change the amount of mass! The gas has to leave the egg for it to float. Gas With a Rotten Egg Smell If you crack open a rotten egg, the yolk may be discolored and the white may be cloudy rather than clear. More likely, you wont notice the color because the overwhelming stink of the egg will send you off to go throw up. The smell is from the gas hydrogen sulfide (H2S). The gas is heavier than air, flammable, and toxic.   Brown Eggs vs. White Eggs You may be wondering whether it matters if you try the flotation test on brown eggs versus white eggs. The results will be the same. There is no difference between brown eggs and white eggs except for their color, assuming the chickens were fed the same grain. Chickens with white feathers and white earlobes lay white eggs. Brown or red chickens that have red earlobes lay brown eggs. The egg color is controlled by a gene for eggshell color that does not affect the thickness of the shell. There are also chicken eggs with blue shells and some with speckled shells. Again, these are simple color differences that do not affect the structure of the eggshell or the result of the flotation test. Egg Expiration Dates The expiration date on a carton of eggs isnt always a good indicator of whether or not the eggs are still fresh. In the United States, the USDA requires egg expiration dates be no longer than 30 days from the packing date. Unrefrigerated eggs may not make it the full month before going off. Refrigerated eggs are more likely to dry up than go bad. The pores of egg shells are small enough bacteria arent going to enter the egg and start reproducing. However, some eggs naturally contain a small number of bacteria, which are more likely to grow in a warmer, more favorable environment. Its worth noting the rotten egg smell isnt just from bacterial decomposition of an egg. Over time, the egg yolk and egg white become more alkaline. This occurs because eggs contain carbon dioxide in the form of carbonic acid. Carbonic acid slowly escapes the egg as carbon dioxide gas that passes through the pores in the shell. As the egg becomes more alkaline, the sulfur in the egg becomes better able to react with hydrogen to form hydrogen sulfide gas. This chemical process occurs more rapidly at room temperature than at cooler temperatures. Another Way to Tell If an Egg Is Bad If you dont have a glass of water handy, you can test an egg for freshness by holding it up to your ear, shaking it, and listening. A fresh egg shouldnt make much sound. An older egg will slosh around more because the gas pocket is larger (giving it room to move) and the egg has lost some cohesion.

Critiquing a literature review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critiquing a literature review - Essay Example McCloskey argues that the utilization of research is essential for nursing. As part of a larger systematic review on research utilization instruments within the magnet health care system the argument made is precise, logical, and very well-articulated. However, the research conflicts on certain levels with many scholars who have continuously over the past two decades expressed profound concerns about whether nurses use the best available scientific evidence and research to guide their clinical practices.(Karkos,et al, 2006). This disparity between the availability of research evidence and its use in practice has created what is referred to as the research-practice gap (Larsen et al, 2002) within the professional application. The nature of this gap has been the subject of near continuous debate and conjecture and is the proximal focus of McCloskey’s research. The research provided validates the premise that nurses have an evolving perception of how research transcends into their practice, and is to an extent based upon educational level and hospital position. McCloskey puts forward a methodology of â€Å"what is to be† integrated and used by administrators and by nurses at all levels of the profession in order to assume a more positive posture toward research and evidence based practices. The problem statement of the paper is answered to the extent of how staff demographics’ effect research utilization, and to a larger extent how the circumstances of the organization may in fact precipitate much of what is recognized as the research-practice gap(Larsen et al, 2002). However, McCloskey’s research lacks sufficient depth to offer a specific formulaic approach to rectifying the research-practice gap as detailed in the wide panorama of the entire nursing profession. McCloskey sets out with a very simple tenant,

Efficiency of Clustering algorithms for mining large biological data Research Paper

Efficiency of Clustering algorithms for mining large biological data bases - Research Paper Example They are categorized into portioning, hierarchical and graph-based techniques. The most widely used of the three algorithms are the graph-based technique, and the hierarchical technique. However, the partitioning techniques are used in other disciplines; it is less used in gene sequence clustering and as such, there is no substantial theory of whether the partitioning methods are efficient. This study analyzes four clustering mining algorithms using four large protein sequence data sets. The analysis highlights the weakness and shortcomings of the four and proposes a new algorithm based on the shortcomings of the four algorithms. Introduction Today, protein sequences are more than one million (Sasson et al., 2002) and as such, there is need in bioinformatics for identifying meaningful patterns for the purposes of understanding their functions. For a long time, protein and gene sequences have been analyzed, compared and grouped using alignment methods. According to Cai et al. (2000), alignment methods are algorithms constructed to arrange, RNA, DNA, and protein sequences to detect similarities that may be as a result of evolutionary, functional or structural sequence relationships. Mount (2002) asserts that comparing and clustering sequences is done using pair-wise alignment method, which are of two types, global and local. Consequently, local alignment algorithm proposed by Waterman and Smith (Bolten et al., 2001) is utilized in identifying amino acid patterns that have been conserved in protein sequences. The global alignment algorithm proposed by Wunsh and Needleman (Bolten et al., 2001) is used to try and align many characters of the entire sequence. It is clear from the above that; the pair-wise alignment method is expensive when it comes to comparing and clustering a large protein data set. This is because there are very many comparisons performed during computation, since every single protein in a data set is compared to all the proteins in the data set ( Bolten et al., 2001). This brings into question the efficiency of the pair-wise alignment methods in comparing and clustering of large protein data sets. The pair-wise alignment method, both local and global, do not put into consideration the size of the data set, especially too large data sets that may overwhelm the computer memory. Han & Kamber (2000) argues that, unsupervised learning is aimed at identifying from a data set, a sensible partition or a natural pattern with the help of a distance function. Biology and life science fields have extensively exploited clustering techniques in sequence analysis to classify similar sequences into either protein or gen families (Galperin & Koonin, 2001). Currently, protein sequences can be classified in similar patterns using various, readily available sequencing and clustering methods. As had earlier been mentioned, these methods can be grouped as graph-based, partitioning and hierarchical methods. These methods, especially graph-based an d hierarchical methods, have been used consecutively or together to complement each other as argued by Sasson et al. (2002), Sperisen & Pagni (2005), Essoussi & Fayech (2007) and Enright & Ouzounis (2000). In the field of protein comparison and sequence clustering, there are very few instances in which partitioning techniques have been used. For instance, Guralnik & Karypis (2001) proposed an algorithm or sequencing method-on the