Does Technology Make a difference Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Does Technology Make a difference - Essay Example Currently, communication has become a massive industry owing to technological advancements. Technological advancements have increased the communication speed immensely. Additionally, it has enabled diversification of the communication sector. Therefore, the communication sector has countless facets. Communication serves a catalyst of other industries. The advancements in communication have necessitated changes in business practises. Acquisition of technology comes at a cost. It is vital to appraise the benefits that will come up from the acquisition of technology in an entity against the resource out flows. In some situations, it will demand setting-up of infrastructure. This comes at a significant cost. Additionally, organizations will require to retraining employees due to advancements in technology. The advancement in technology may also render sections of employees redundant. This would have cost implications on the entity as it pays benefits to the retrenched workers and hires a dditional personnel suited for the new technology. Alternatively, entities may opt to retrain the employees to avoid disruption in the entity (Shoniregun, 2005). Technology has countless benefits. As such, organizations can access many databases that contain vital information. Managers can utilize such information to enable decision-making in entities. Therefore, technology facilitates informed decision making in organizations. This has reduced losses incurred by countless entities. Technology has consequently transformed management radically. Thus, flow of information in organizations has become critical. Technology has enabled faster distribution of information to the workforce. This has enabled increased production in most sectors. Technology has not only increased production through swift flow of information by eliminating inefficiencies. Technology has changed industrial production massively. Introduction of

Type of job Essay Example for Free

Type of job Essay He is very stern with Mickey and very lenient with Edward: And er, as I say, it was more of a prank really, Mr. Lyons. Id dock his pocket money if I was you (laughs). But. one thing I would say, if y dont mind me saying, is well, Im not sure Id let him mix with the like of them in the future. Mr. Lyons even gives the policeman a glass of scotch so he feels at home. This a prime example of the class divide in Liverpool. As the Lyons family are moving further into the countryside, Mrs Lyons sees a magpie on its own: Dont mummy, dont look. Its a magpie, never look at one magpie. Its one for sorrow. The reply from Mrs Lyons is:Â  Edward . thats just stupid superstition The Lyons family think they have broken away from the Johnstone family for good and they are all glad (apart from Edward). They were wrong. Soon after the Lyons family move away, the Johnstone family get re-housed to the same area. Is this a coincidence or was it due to the magpie and superstition? The next time we see Mickey and Edward is when they are fourteen (another gap of seven years). While Mickey is getting told off at his secondary modern school for not answering a question, Edward is getting told off for wearing a locket at his very expensive boarding school. (The locket contains a picture of Mrs Johnstone and a picture of Mickey; or is it Edward himself? ). This shows that although they go to different schools in different classes, (working class and middle class) they are still the same at heart. We next see Linda, Eddie and Mickey at the age of eighteen. Mickey has found a job and Edward is preparing to go to college. Mickey thinks he is lucky to get any type of job, even if it is making cardboard boxes but Edward is doing the sensible thing and setting the foundation for his future. This shows the class divide again. Mickey knows that although his job isnt good, if he complains, they can just get someone else from a long line of candidates to fill his boots. Edward, on the other hand, will have a change to get a good job after university with his qualifications. His father could possibly pull a few strings and find him a good job but that isnt the case for Mickey. Whilst Edward is at university, Linda gets pregnant and she and Mickey get married. Edward is upset because he has always loved Linda and although he knew going to university was the right choice, he has missed out on getting together with Linda. Mickey needs to earn some more money so Sammy suggests he helps him with a raid: Fifty quid Mickey. Fifty quid for an hours work! Just think where y could take Linda if you had cash like that The raid goes horribly wrong and Sammy ends up shooting someone with the shotgun he kept under the floorboards. Mickey got sent to prison for seven years and had to take anti-depressant pills which he eventually got addicted to. During this breakdown of Mickeys life, Edward finishes university and gets a steady job as a councillor. Imagine how two twins raised in different backgrounds could have such different lives. When Linda meets up with Edward, Linda realises she made the wrong choice going with Mickey and decided to spend more time with Edward. Mickey takes this the wrong way and he thinks Linda is having an affair with his Blood Brother. Mickey even thinks Edward is the father of their child. Eventually, the pills take their toll and Mickey has seemingly gone mad. He takes the gun from under the floorboards and he runs to the town hall where Edward is addressing his colleagues. But when Mickey gets to the town hall, he has second thoughts: What am I doin here Eddie? I thought I was gonna shoot y, but I cant even do that. I dont even know if the things loaded Mrs Johnstone then runs up to the pair of them, along with lots of policemen and marksmen. She breaks the news that they are brothers and Mickey if furious with the news: You!. Why didnt you give me away! I could have been . I could have been him! At that moment, Mickey waves the gun at Edward and the gun goes off, blowing Edward to pieces. The gun was loaded after all. Seeing this, the police marksmen in turn shoot Mickey to death. Mrs Lyons was right, they both died almost immediately they found out they were brothers. Was the death of the twins due to class or superstition? I think it was due to class. If they were brought up in the same family, none of this would have happened but as they were brought up in different classes, they both envied each other. Mickey was streetwise and a bit of a lad but struggled to get through life, whereas Edward had had an easy life but he had to learn the ways of life through books and TV, not from his under-qualified parents.

Valuing a Website Before You Sell :: Sell Websites Buy Websites

Valuing a Website Before You Sell Reprinted with permission of VotanWeb.com There is probably no part of the buying process that worries a potential buyer more than overpaying for a website. While this is understandable (who wants to pay more than something is worth), it has more to do with misinformation and one's total approach to buying a website than it does to being an expert at appraisals. The truth is, value is completely subjective. After all, what one website may be worth to you is entirely different from what it is worth to the next person. While there are cases where people may not negotiate the best price possible for a good website you must know that no price is cheap enough if you buy the wrong website. In time, a good website will always justify the purchase price whereas a bad one may not ever allow you to recover financially. What is Value? In a nutshell, value must be measured by what you are getting in return for your money. You have to equate the purchase price against the benefits you will derive over the term in which you can realistically expect to own the website. As an example, you cannot simply measure the purchase price against the income that you will derive from a specific website. What about the daily enjoyments you will get from being your own boss? Or, the sense of accomplishment you will feel from building something? Maybe, it's the gratification that you will get from contributing to the lives of others (i.e. employees). Perhaps it will come from knowing that from the toils of your labor you have been able to provide certain things for your family that you could never even consider if you were working for somebody else. A good website will provide abundant rewards for you so in order for you to truly measure a website’s value you have to consider all of the benefits that you stand to gain. Also, you must factor in what you could never have achieved if you don't go into business for yourself. Think of it this way: the average person takes 30 years to payoff a mortgage and 4 years to pay off a car. Neither one of these will pay you a salary. While they both have their benefits, neither one comes close to what you can derive from a good website as far as overall benefits are concerned.

The Bluest Eye

The novel begins with a series of sentences that seem to come from a children's reader, describing a house and the family that lives in the house the child wants to play but no one is available to play. This sequence is repeated and then is repeated a third time without spaces between the words kind of like a nursery rhyme. This is to give an idea showing a child is talking. Pocola's low self-esteem comes from the physical and sexual abuse that she endured as a child. She was raped by her father she is abased and abused by many people. In the 1960's the self-image of black women and girls was determined by the white women that were around. During that time Black was not beautiful to all, white was. The forced white beauty standards contributed to most black women's low self-esteem during that time. The view of how the mass white culture floods the minds and ideological views of the black community. Pocola's low self-esteem comes from the physical and sexual abuse that she endured as a child. She was raped by her father she is abased and abused by many people. She was taught at a young age by her mother Mrs. Breedlove that she wasn't beautiful, this came from the resentment of her on mother's skin and she took it out on her daughter. Toni Morrison has a recurring struggle of self-identification and beauty standards. This is identified with the comparison of black women ; girls to the clichà ©d blonde hair and blue eyed white women in the 60's. An example of this would be when Claudia is gifted a white doll that has blonde hair and blue eyes. According to Toni Morrison's Character Claudia in The Bluest Eye â€Å"Adults, older girls, shops, magazines, newspapers, window signs — all the world had agreed that a blue-eyed, yellow-haired, pink-skinned doll was what every girl child treasured. â€Å"Here,† they said, â€Å"this is beautiful, and if you are on this day ‘worthy' you may have it.† Claudia is explaining how confused she is because she does not see the same beauty that is forced on her with blonde hair and blue eyed white girls and baby dolls. She even goes so far as stripping the doll to its core which is a realization that the outside beauty meant nothing because the core was ugly. Something she was considered â€Å"worthy† of having she thought was ugly. Pecola suffers from low self-esteem issues from people calling her ugly and connecting her to negative and ugly things. â€Å"It had occurred to Pecola some time ago that if her eyes, those eyes that held the pictures, and knew the sights — if those eyes of hers were different, that is to say, beautiful, she herself would be different†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ If she looked different, beautiful, maybe Cholly would be different, and Mrs. Breedlove too. Maybe they'd say, â€Å"Why, look at pretty-eyed Pecola. We mustn't do bad things in front of those pretty eyes.† Pretty eyes. Pretty blue eyes. Big blue pretty eyes.†( The Bluest Eye) Instead of the traits, she has already, she wants to have Blue eyes. Blue eyes were considered beautiful just like the reference before made to the baby doll. Since the white people dominated the view of beauty, this is why she obsessed over Shirley Temple who had blonde hair and blue eyes. According to the Huff post â€Å"She was America's top box-office draw during the 1930's, outranking Clark Gable, and receiving more fan mail than Greta Garbo. As a child star, she was amazing,†.(HuffPost). Claudia is the youngest child of the MacTeer family. She also endures the same issues of colorist and racist beauty standards as Pecola but she is too young to care. According to Toni Morrison's Character Claudia in The Bluest Eye † I couldn't join them in their adoration because I hated Shirley. Not because she was cute, but because she danced with Boj angles, who was my friend, my uncle, my daddy, and who ought to have been soft-shoeing it and chuckling with me. Instead, he was enjoying, sharing, giving a lovely dance thing with one of those little white girls whose socks never slid down under their heels. So I said, â€Å"I like Jane Withers.† Claudia is also the fighter and the rebel as far as going against the views of others. When she is gifted a baby doll that has blonde hair and blue eyes she doesn't find it as beautiful as others do. Instead, Claudia picks it apart, this is because she is young and has not been able to truly understand self-hatred that the adults have. She is considered the hopeful character in the novel. Claudia is thrown into situations and has experienced different things which makes her mature but also a child and doesn't know much about the world yet. Opposite of Claudia, Pecola has self-image problems and is a passive character. Unlike Claudia, Pecola did not grow up in a loving and caring home. Instead, she grew up in what is described and â€Å"ugly† family. Ugly in terms of disastrous home, features, and upbringing. Pecola values the blonde hair and blue eyed people and wants to have the same traits. Out of the two, Claudia is better able to reject white, middle-class America's definitions of beauty. Pecola considers Shirley Temple as the perfects little girl. At the beginning of the book, Pecola's love for her Shirley Temple cup opens the view of her fascination. â€Å"My mother was referring to was Pecola. According to Toni Morrison's Character Claudia in The Bluest Eye â€Å"The three of us, Pecola, Frieda, and I, listened to her downstairs in the kitchen fussing about the amount of milk Pecola had drunk. We knew she was fond of the Shirley Temple cup and took every opportunity to drink milk out of it just to handle and see sweet Shirley's face.† She gets in trouble for drinking all the milk, Claudia's mother thinks she is being greedy but she just wants to use her cup at most. To Pecola Shirley Temple is who she wants to be, she considers herself ugly and she feels if she looked more like Shirley Temple. Where Pecola lives brings conceptual beauty standards such as blonde hair and blue eyes. Maureen symbolizes wealth in the black community. Her family were light skin and have money, she is also new to the neighborhood. According to Toni Morrison's Character Claudia in The Bluest Eye â€Å"Maureen Peal. A high-yellow dream child with long brown hair braided into two lynch ropes that hung down her back. She was rich, at least by our standards, as rich as the richest of the white girls, swaddled in comfort and care. The quality of her clothes threatened to derange Frieda and me.† Both Shirley Temple and Maureen define the beauty that Pecola wishes she had. Shirley Temple is white with blonde hair and blue eyes and adored by America. Maureen is a beautiful light-skinned black girl with money. This may be a realization that you can still be black and pretty, she's just not that. She I identify with this when Maureen calls the three girls Black and ugly black referring to Pecola. â€Å"Safe on the other side, she screamed at us, â€Å"I am cute! And you ugly! Black and ugly black e mos. I am cute!†(The Bluest Eye) The Bluest Eyes gives a view of black women during the 60's and shines the light on the norm that was going on around that time. The novel represented different main situations in the black community. Touches on troubled homes and how black children were taken from the home to be placed in a flawed home that offers more love. Pecola was the darkest character literally and figuratively. She had the most going on in the novel and. Society has taught her that her skin and feature are ugly and everything she needs to value needs to be white. Being raped by her father and belittled by the whole community. This novel teaches struggle and social discrimination which is a recurring theme. Throughout the novel, Pecola is growing along with the Family she lived with. I'm sure she appreciates being in a loving family but unfortunately, the lesson was about loving herself and learning how to love herself because her mother couldn't teach her. Works Citedâ€Å"BEAUTY IDEAL OVER THE DECADES Part 7: THE 60's.† IDEALIST STYLE, www.idealiststyle.com/blog/beauty-ideal-over-the-decades-part-7-the-60s.â€Å"Full Text of ‘The Bluest Eye.'† Internet Archive, The Library Shelf, archive.org/stream/TheBluestEyeFullTextJAMESSUTTON/The Bluest Eye_full text – JAMES SUTTON_djvu.txt.Morrison, Toni. The Bluest Eyes. Alfred A. Knopf Inc., 1993.Rosas, Alexandra. â€Å"Why the Fuss About Shirley Temple Black.† The Huffington Post, TheHuffingtonPost.com, 7 Dec. 2017, www.huffingtonpost.com/alexandra-rosas/why-the-fuss-about-shirle_b_4768929.html.â€Å"The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison Audiobook Fastest Loader.† YouTube, YouTube, 12 Nov. 2017,www.youtube.com/watch?v=JUCS2Orzo84.According to Toni Morrison's Chara The bluest eye Pectoral Overlooked Is a passive, young and quiet girl who lives a hard life; her parents are constantly physically and verbally fighting. Throughout the book, Pectoral is reminded continuously of how ugly she is, which fuels her aspiration to be white with blue eyes. Pectoral, a poor black girl, is compelled to believe that she is, In fact, ugly. Tortured and tormented by almost everyone she knows, the identity of the protagonist, Pectoral Overlooked Is destroyed by both society and her family situations and experiences.This presents the reader tit the idea that society and or family experiences can tear an individual from their identity if they are mentally weak enough. Pectoral Overlooked, who wants to be beautiful, becomes torn from her â€Å"black† Identity once society victimizes her Innocence by labeling her as ugly. Pectoral and her community live based on a set of ideals; whiteness and beauty. When Maureen Peal is introduced in the book, her skin color and class statu s is regarded as oppressive to other blacks in the novel, especially Pectoral who Is highly susceptible to It since everyone thinks of her as ugly.When described in the cafeteria, Maureen Is presented as â€Å"A high-yellow dream child with long brown hair braided into two lynch ropes that hung down her back† (52). The â€Å"lynch ropes† expression is outright racial oppression, as â€Å"lynching† (hanging) is what commonly happened to slaves for punishment along with the ASK Incidences. When Pectoral sees that being beautiful is related to having friends and more importantly to her, being loved, she will do anything to become beautiful.When Pectoral and Claudia are exposed to Maureen Peal, they make up ugly names and relate her to ugly things so she would be on their level. Maureen is an example of the ongoing theme that white people are rich and gorgeous, and black people are ugly and not content. Maureen says later on, that â€Å"l am cute, and you ugly! Bla ck and ugly black e moss. I am cute! † (73). When Pectoral first met Maureen, they thought they were going to be friends.When Pectoral hears Maureen say this about them, she starts to believe that she needs to be beautiful In order to have friends, and she starts to wish for the bluest eyes and the whitest skin, thus proving that society can tear an individual from their true identity. Pectoral Overdose's self-esteem and her identity is also affected by her family situation and experiences. When the Overlooked family is introduced In the beginning of the story, Morrison portrays them as a stereotypical early sass poor black family. When they are first described. He wrote. â€Å"The Breadboxes did not live in a storefront because they were having temporary difficulty adjusting to the cutbacks at the plant. They lived there because they were poor and black, and they stayed there because they believed they were ugly† (37). Morrison writes about the role that the whites and the colored people give the Breadboxes In society. Because of the color of their skin, the Breadboxes are forced to adopt their storefront apartment as part of who they are and let it dictate their lives.They feel that they are ugly since they are not the model of what society in general portrays as appropriate. Pectoral sees what society portrays as appropriate, which Is light skin with blue eyes, along with a decent amount of money. She tries to get Just one of those things, the bluest eyes, and it ends up ruining her psychologically, causing her to go 1 OFF makes fun of Pectoral and her father, Just after Pectoral starts to consider her as a reined. â€Å"l wasn't even talking to you. I was talking to Pectoral. Yeah. About seeing her naked daddy' (72).Once the knowledge that Piccolo's father walks naked around Pectoral, Maureen decides to make fun of her because she is ugly, and because it is common knowledge that Pectoral sees her dad walking around naked. These family experie nces and situations all have a negative effect on Pectoral because she is not just the â€Å"ugly' girl now, she is the poor black girl who sees her father naked. As a member of a family that is part of the low society, Pectoral Overlooked, labeled as â€Å"ugly' trudges and fails to maintain her sanity and her childhood innocence when she tries to get people to like and love her.Once an innocent little girl, now a girl who is torn away from her natural identity after society and society's outlook on her family make her feel ugly and unwanted. She becomes labeled as the scapegoat of the community and slips into oblivion. Toni Morrison wrote the Bluest Eye depicting Pectoral Overlooked and her family as the scapegoat of the entire community. Using Pectoral as an example, Morrison tries to convey the point to not become subdued to what society thinks of as ugly and beautiful; Just be yourself. The bluest eye Pectoral Overlooked Is a passive, young and quiet girl who lives a hard life; her parents are constantly physically and verbally fighting. Throughout the book, Pectoral is reminded continuously of how ugly she is, which fuels her aspiration to be white with blue eyes. Pectoral, a poor black girl, is compelled to believe that she is, In fact, ugly. Tortured and tormented by almost everyone she knows, the identity of the protagonist, Pectoral Overlooked Is destroyed by both society and her family situations and experiences.This presents the reader tit the idea that society and or family experiences can tear an individual from their identity if they are mentally weak enough. Pectoral Overlooked, who wants to be beautiful, becomes torn from her â€Å"black† Identity once society victimizes her Innocence by labeling her as ugly. Pectoral and her community live based on a set of ideals; whiteness and beauty. When Maureen Peal is introduced in the book, her skin color and class statu s is regarded as oppressive to other blacks in the novel, especially Pectoral who Is highly susceptible to It since everyone thinks of her as ugly.When described in the cafeteria, Maureen Is presented as â€Å"A high-yellow dream child with long brown hair braided into two lynch ropes that hung down her back† (52). The â€Å"lynch ropes† expression is outright racial oppression, as â€Å"lynching† (hanging) is what commonly happened to slaves for punishment along with the ASK Incidences. When Pectoral sees that being beautiful is related to having friends and more importantly to her, being loved, she will do anything to become beautiful.When Pectoral and Claudia are exposed to Maureen Peal, they make up ugly names and relate her to ugly things so she would be on their level. Maureen is an example of the ongoing theme that white people are rich and gorgeous, and black people are ugly and not content. Maureen says later on, that â€Å"l am cute, and you ugly! Bla ck and ugly black e moss. I am cute! † (73). When Pectoral first met Maureen, they thought they were going to be friends.When Pectoral hears Maureen say this about them, she starts to believe that she needs to be beautiful In order to have friends, and she starts to wish for the bluest eyes and the whitest skin, thus proving that society can tear an individual from their true identity. Pectoral Overdose's self-esteem and her identity is also affected by her family situation and experiences. When the Overlooked family is introduced In the beginning of the story, Morrison portrays them as a stereotypical early sass poor black family. When they are first described. He wrote. â€Å"The Breadboxes did not live in a storefront because they were having temporary difficulty adjusting to the cutbacks at the plant. They lived there because they were poor and black, and they stayed there because they believed they were ugly† (37). Morrison writes about the role that the whites and the colored people give the Breadboxes In society. Because of the color of their skin, the Breadboxes are forced to adopt their storefront apartment as part of who they are and let it dictate their lives.They feel that they are ugly since they are not the model of what society in general portrays as appropriate. Pectoral sees what society portrays as appropriate, which Is light skin with blue eyes, along with a decent amount of money. She tries to get Just one of those things, the bluest eyes, and it ends up ruining her psychologically, causing her to go 1 OFF makes fun of Pectoral and her father, Just after Pectoral starts to consider her as a reined. â€Å"l wasn't even talking to you. I was talking to Pectoral. Yeah. About seeing her naked daddy' (72).Once the knowledge that Piccolo's father walks naked around Pectoral, Maureen decides to make fun of her because she is ugly, and because it is common knowledge that Pectoral sees her dad walking around naked. These family experie nces and situations all have a negative effect on Pectoral because she is not just the â€Å"ugly' girl now, she is the poor black girl who sees her father naked. As a member of a family that is part of the low society, Pectoral Overlooked, labeled as â€Å"ugly' trudges and fails to maintain her sanity and her childhood innocence when she tries to get people to like and love her.Once an innocent little girl, now a girl who is torn away from her natural identity after society and society's outlook on her family make her feel ugly and unwanted. She becomes labeled as the scapegoat of the community and slips into oblivion. Toni Morrison wrote the Bluest Eye depicting Pectoral Overlooked and her family as the scapegoat of the entire community. Using Pectoral as an example, Morrison tries to convey the point to not become subdued to what society thinks of as ugly and beautiful; Just be yourself.

A Case Study into the different aspects of Curriculum

The course of study is non a simple word that can be defined ; it is a subject that consists of many factors that finally create the course of study. Upon reading farther into this topic, it has become obvious that the course of study is a complex field and is more likely to uncover that many writers, bookmans, academic authors each have a definition depicting what the course of study best agencies to them or its best definition in the context they discuss. This paper will concentrate on the Australian Curriculum and will try to turn to issues such as the assorted definitions of the course of study, the intent or end of the course of study, how the course of study is developed, the construction of the course of study, how the course of study is influenced by different larning theories, the procedures of instruction, larning and appraisal and how the course of study relates to twenty-first Century scholars. Integrating these factors and understanding this information will let the read er to explicate his or her ain educated definition of the course of study whilst recognizing the primary characteristics which influence larning within our schools.Definition of Curriculum and its StakeholdersSeveral definitions surround the significance of course of study ; to acquire an overview of the definition we can throw relevant words together such as program, nonsubjective, content, capable affair, chances, guidelines, model, experiences or schemes, although in order to do sense of these words and their relationship to the course of study we must link these words in a logical form. Writers and faculty members Brady & A ; Kennedy ( 2010, p.5 ) merely province â€Å" In seeking to understand better the function of the course of study in the twenty-first century, the intent should be to guarantee that kids and immature people are good equipped to manage whatever it is that this century will name them to make and be † , in other words, there must be a common involvement and a common bond by all those involved, while Marsh and Willis ( 2007, as cited in Marsh, 2010, p.93 ) define course of study as â€Å" an interconnected set of programs and experiences which a pupil completes under the counsel of the school † . Other definitions of the course of study arise, dependent on the stakeholders in inquiry, these stakeholders are people who have an involvement in the course of study, its formation and its bringing. The concern community feel that the course of study must be able to back up pupils in their future employment chances while fixing them for the economic demands of society ( Brady & A ; Kennedy, 2010 ) and parent groups are concerned that the course of study could be manipulated by authorities organic structures for academic analysis alternatively of concentrating on fiting their kids with the appropriate cognition and experiences for a successful hereafter ( Brady & A ; Kennedy, 2010 ) . ACARA ( 2010c ) describes the new National course of study as â€Å" a wide range and sequence of nucleus acquisition. Critical determinations about the entire educational plan and how it will be implemented and adapted to run into the demands and involvements of pupils will be the duty of instruction governments, schools, instructors, parents and pupils † Marsh ( 2010, p.24 ) provides a list of stakeholders with whom the National Curriculum Board ( NCB ) , now known as the Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority ( ACARA ) consults Government – Federal/State Minister for Education, Council of Australian Governments, Premiers, State/Territory curates, Federal resistance, State/Territory resistance Education governments – Government and Non-Government Schools, Australasian Curriculum, Assessment and Certification Authorities ( ACACA ) , Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations ( DEEWR ) . Professional associations – Unions, Business, Employers School-based – Principals, Administrators, Teachers, Students Community – Parents, Parent groups, Parent Associations Tertiary Sector – Universities, TAFE, Industry preparation sectors, Academicians From this information it is apparent that the course of study is complex, elaborate and is influenced by many groups. Basically, it is a program that consists of goals/aims, content and accomplishment criterions for each topic to be taught within Australian schools, in other words, the course of study is a planned description of the what, how and when of instruction, larning and appraisal. Understanding the foundation of course of study, we can now concentrate on the end of the course of study – WHO is it for and WHAT do we anticipate from our instruction system and for immature Australian citizens?The intent or end of the Curriculum and Educationâ€Å" Course of study must be of direct relevancy to the kid ‘s societal, cultural, environmental and economic context and to his or her present and future demands and take full history of the kid ‘s evolving capacities ; learning methods should be tailored to the different demands of different kids † ( UN Committe e on the Rights of the Child, General Comment 1 as cited in Sullivan & A ; Keeney, 2008, p.38 ) . In order to understand the end or intent of instruction, we must understand who we are directing our acquisition to. Admiting the diverseness of scholars will help in placing the range and scope of the content to be covered by the course of study. Brady and Kennedy ( 2010, p.38 ) province â€Å" Teachers must analyze the course of study carefully to guarantee it does non except the diverse experiences that pupils bring with them to the schoolroom. More positively, the course of study should foreground those experiences and do them the footing for find and acquisition † . The K-12 National Curriculum is directed towards pupils developing their cognition and apprehension of the major subjects – Mathematicss, English, Science and History to enable pupils to foster their cognition and specialise in Fieldss through farther third instruction. Further to this, the course of study provides the foundation that allows immature Australian citizens to cover confidently with issues that arise and enables them to do informed determinations sing societal and personal affairs. ( EQUITY ) ACARA is responsible for the development of the Australian course of study from Kindergarten to Year 12. ACARA ‘s work with the Australian course of study is directed by the 2008 Melbourne Declaration on Educational Goals for Young Australians. This declaration commits to back uping scholars with quality instruction and supplying them with the accomplishments necessary for future enterprises ( ACARA, 2009a ) . The Australian course of study will sketch the range and sequence of cardinal larning countries, in other words WHAT and WHEN it is to be taught at schools, although instructors will finally do the determination on HOW to organize, construction and present this information to profit each and every pupil ‘s learning experience ( ACARA, 2009b ) . The educational ends for immature Australian citizens focus on making successful scholars such as developing their capacity to be originative, resourceful and motivated persons, to be able to believe, obtain and measure groun ds, work independently and in squads, be able to pass on thoughts, utilise current engineering and be able to do informed determinations and derive the necessary accomplishments sing their acquisition and employment waies. These ends besides aim to make confident persons by supplying the tools that promote a sense of self-awareness to be able to pull off all aspects of their well-being, develop values such as honestness, empathy and regard for themselves and others, form personal, societal and professional relationships and have the assurance to prosecute farther instruction and preparation. In add-on, going active and informed citizens is addressed through the cross-curriculum dimensions, which aim to instil an apprehension and grasp for Australia ‘s autochthonal history and diverse civilization and sustaining and bettering our natural and societal milieus ( ACARA, 2009b ) . So far we have discussed what the course of study is and how it can be defined, the major influences on the course of study ‘s development, viz. the stakeholders and the intent or ends of the course of study and instruction. Before we discuss the construction and development of the course of study, it is of import to be cognizant of where and how the course of study originated and why the course of study is structured the manner it is.Structure and Development of the CurriculumThe construction of the course of study and how it is developed caters for the broad scope of stakeholders involved while endeavoring to accomplish the best acquisition results for Australian pupils. The core-curriculum was developed through the Curriculum Development Centre ( CDC ) by the former Director, Malcolm Skilbeck in 1980. The 24-page papers â€Å" attempted to reconceptualise the bing school topics within a social-reconstructionist model † ( Marsh, 2010, p.11 ) . Even though parts of the core-curriculum were adopted in NSW, WA and NT, the development did non go on due to a deficiency of support for the CDC. As the decennaries passed, many efforts at developing a national course of study failed to do it successfully through its journey, eventually in 2008, under the Rudd Government, a National Curriculum Board ( NCB ) was created to develop a National Curriculum for pupils Kindergarten to Year 12, dwelling of four Key Learning Areas ( KLA ‘s ) – Mathematicss, English, History and Science, with extra constituents of general capablenesss and cross-curriculum dimensions working alongside these KLA ‘s ( Marsh, 2010 ) . ACARA ( 2009c ) was created to supervise the successful development of the Kindergarten to Year 12 Curriculum, plus the Senior Secondary Curriculum and the Early Old ages Curriculum Framework. Below outlines the four phases involved in the development of the Australian Curriculum Kindergarten to Year 12. Curriculum determining stage- This involves the development of the bill of exchange form paper, where adept advice is requested and endorsed by ACARA ‘s board for public feedback. This creates the concluding form paper, dwelling of an lineation of the Australian course of study including design advice for larning countries. Curriculum composing phase – A squad consisting of authors, course of study experts, and ACARA curriculum staff developing the Australian course of study. The information includes content description and achievement criterions ; to accomplish this, the squad refers to national and international research on course of study, while besides mentioning to current province and district course of studies. After public feedback and necessary alterations, the Australian course of study for the peculiar learning country is ready for publication. Execution phase – Execution programs are developed by ACARA and state/territory course of study and school governments ( ACARA, 2010b ) Evaluation and reappraisal phase – Implementation feedback is reviewed carefully via procedures that monitor this information. Below is a ocular snapshot of the constituents included in the National Curriculum to be implemented in the twelvemonth 2011. Beginning: ( ACARA, 2009a ) Each KLA contains a statement of principle, purposes, content construction and descriptions, and achievement criterions. Statement of rationale – Overview of the peculiar topic Aims – What pupils will accomplish from this topic Contented structure/organisation – How the topic is arranged/designed and the information involved Contented description – specifies what instructors are expected to learn for each larning country at each twelvemonth degree, besides provides the range and sequence of learning Accomplishment criterions – describes the quality of larning e.g. the understanding, cognition and skill pupils are required to accomplish at each twelvemonth degree. While the National course of study will maintain the original construction of range and sequence for the KLA ‘s, it is apparent the new course of study has become more elaborate and involved, by presenting general capablenesss and cross-curriculum dimensions in add-on to the KLA ‘s, instructors may happen it hard to be able to acquire through all the needed content in the clip allocated, while some may necessitate farther intensive preparation to increase their cognition in certain countries such as History. â€Å" Few primary instructors have a sufficient background in History and that they will necessitate concentrated preparation to develop academic and pedagogical cognition in History † ( Harris-Hart, 2009 as cited in Marsh, 2010, p.26 ) , although ACARA ( 2010c ) states the cardinal focal point during course of study development is on deepness of larning and non breadth of acquisition, so as non to overcrowd the course of study. Since the Australian Curriculum has been collated from different constituents of the eight state/territory course of studies presently in operation, they have maintained the KLA ‘s, added general capablenesss and cross-curriculum dimensions while maintaining the bing construction for sequencing within the larning countries. ( REFERENCE ) For illustration, the NSW course of study comprises of six KLA ‘s for primary school and eight KLA ‘s for secondary school. Below is a ocular snapshot of the NSW Primary course of study. Beginning: ( NSW-BOS, 2008 ) Schools in New South Wales use the Kindergarten to Year 10 Curriculum Framework as the foundation of what, how and when the content is to be taught, although the NSW Board of Studies acknowledges that schools and instructors take duty for the manner in which the content is organised and delivered ( NSW-BOS, 2002a ) . NSW primary instructors use the NSW Primary Curriculum Foundation Statements to happen out what needs to be taught in each topic. The six topics within the NSW course of study are English, Mathematics, Science and Technology, Personal Development, Health and Physical Education ( PDHPE ) , Human Society and Its Environment ( HSIE ) and Creative humanistic disciplines ( NSW-BOS, 2002b ) , while the Australian Curriculum takes into consideration two new constituents that will heighten the acquisition procedure by working alongside the four KLA ‘s, these constituents are ten ( 10 ) general capablenesss and three ( 3 ) cross-curriculum dimensions. â€Å" The 10 ( 10 ) general capablenesss are: literacy, numeracy, information and communicating engineering, believing accomplishments, ethical behavior, creativeness, self-management, teamwork, intercultural apprehension and societal competency. The three ( 3 ) cross-curriculum dimensions are: Autochthonal history and civilization, Asia and Australia ‘s battle with Asia and Sustainability ( ACARA, 2010a ) .DecisionThe Curriculum is a planned description of the what, how and when of instruction, larning and appraisal, it is the foundation for scholars, pupils and instructors while being influenced by the many stakeholders that want a share/input in the way of the Curriculum. The construction and development of the Australian Curriculum includes many constituents such as instruction, larning and appraisal which have focused on the deepness of larning non the comprehensiveness. Throughout this paper it is besides apparent that the Australian Curriculum has been influenced by the theories of instruc tion and larning from several theoreticians such as Piaget, Bloom, Krathwohl, Vygotsky, Bruner and Maslow ‘s taxonomy. In add-on, we must maintain in head that by understanding our pupils altering nature and their diversenesss, the Australian Curriculum has the chance to be in the head of instruction and acquisition in the twenty-first Century.